1. Immune System Alex Wiemann

2. Immune System The immune system defends the body against infection and disease-causing organisms.

3. Organs of the Immune System Bone Marrow: where human immune system cells are produced Thymus Gland: produces more immune system cells and lymphocytes Spleen: filters the blood using T-cells, B- cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and red blood cells Lymph Nodes: filters the interstitial fluid between the cells

4. Recognizing Pathogens Antibodies are proteins produced by B- cells that identify and neutralize pathogens. The antibodies have receptors on them that connect to antigens, which are the part of the pathogens that allow antibodies to recognize them.

5. Innate and Acquired Immunity Innate ImmunityAcquired Immunity Antigen-independent responseAntigen-dependent response Maximal response is immediateLag time between exposure and maximal response Not antigen-specificAntigen-specific No immunologic memoryImmunologic memory Skin, lysosomes, phagocytes, coughing, sneezing Lymphocytes

6. Active and Passive Immunity Active ImmunityPassive Immunity Host produces cells and factors responsible for immunity Host acquires immune factors produced from another animal Can work for a long timeUsually lasts only for short time The production of antibodies (due to disease or vaccination) Injection of immune serum from an individual who previously had the disease

7. Humoral & Cell-Mediated Immunity Humoral ImmunityCell-Mediated Immunity Deals with infectious agents in the blood and body tissues Deals with body cells that have been infected Managed by B-cellsManaged by T-cells Uses antibodiesUses killer T-cells

8. B and T Lymphocytes B-CellsT-Cells Act against pathogens in the blood and lymph Act against pathogens, organ transplants, cancer, etc. Produce plasma cell clones, which produce antibodies Produce T-cell clones, which can be killer, helper, or suppressor

9. Antibiotics Against Bacteria and Viruses Antibiotics only work against bacteria, not viruses. Antibiotics interrupt metabolic pathways in prokaryotic cells. This might prevent the formation of a cell wall or the completion of cell division. Viruses have no metabolic pathways. For this reason, antibiotics do not work on them.

10. Allergies Allergies are reactions your immune system has to substances that most people don’t react to. Symptoms include sneezing, breathing troubles, and vomiting. One in every five Americans is affected by allergies. There are several over-the-counter medications available to treat allergies.

11. HIV/AIDS HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV/AIDS weakens a person’s ability to fight cancer and disease and is transmitted sexually. There usually are no immediate symptoms to HIV/AIDS, though some people do develop a flu-like illness. 0.6% of American adults have HIV/AIDS. HIV can be treated with certain medications. There is no cure for AIDS.

12. Sources http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/innate.htm http://www.buzzle.com/articles/organs-of-the-immune- system.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/organs-of-the-immune- system.html http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference- between-adaptive-and-innate-immunity/ http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference- between-adaptive-and-innate-immunity/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/immune.html http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/be7.shtml http://www.circulatory-system.com/differences-between-b-cells- and-t-cells/ http://www.circulatory-system.com/differences-between-b-cells- and-t-cells/ http://ibbiology.wetpaint.com/page/Explain+why+antibiotics+are +effective+against+bacteria+but+not+against+viruses http://ibbiology.wetpaint.com/page/Explain+why+antibiotics+are +effective+against+bacteria+but+not+against+viruses http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/allergies-treatment-care