1. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 1 HANS FYNBO Aarhus University Denmark 12 C and 3  studied with small accelerators 496 th WE-Heraeus-Seminar Bad Honnef February 6-10 2012 Introduction to the 3  reaction 3  breakup of the Hoyle state Search for “missing” states in 12 C

2. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 2 4 He +4 He -0.092 g.s. 0 + 8 Be 12 C g.s.0 +

3. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 3 4 He +4 He -0.092 g.s. 0 + 8 Be 7.650 + g.s.0 + 12 C 7.27  4.442 +  3

4. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 4 Q 1 = -92 keV    Q 2 = -287 keV   + 8 Be Hoyle state QuantityValueError(%) Q3Q3 379.4(2)keV1.2  rad /  4.12(11) ×10 -4 2.7  e+e- /  6.7(6) × 10 -4 9.2  e+e- 52.0(1.4)  eV 2.7 Crannell 2005  e+e- 59.6(1.5)  eV 2.5 Chernykh 2010  ( 8 Be)/  tot >0.964 Freer 1994  ( 8 Be)/  tot 0.83(5)6 Raduta 2011

5. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C+ 40 Ca 25MeV/u 5

6. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 6 arXiv:1112.2136v1 [nucl-th] 3  -rate at low temperatures 8 Be resonance

7. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C ≈10.3 (0 + ) 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 9.643 - 10.841 -  7.27 Haruhiko Morinaga (TUM) J  =2 + E≈9.7 MeV 2 + ? 3  -rate at high temperatures

8. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Phys. Lett. B 2011. Phys. Rev. C36 (1987) 54.. The et al. APJ 1998 Tur et al. APJ 2010 Magkotsios et al. APJs 2010 Magkotsios et al. APJ 2011

9. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 9 3  breakup of the Hoyle state Search for “missing” states in 12 C

10. AARHUS UNIVERSITY CMAM, Madrid 3 He+ 11 B d+ 12 C* d+3  @ 8.5 MeV 3 He Oliver Kirsebom (now at Triumf)

11. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 11 5000 events 12 C 12.71 1 + ≈10 0,2 + 4.44 2 + g.s. 0 + 7.65 0 + 9.64 3 - 10.84 1 - 11.83 2 - 7.27

12. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 Limits: Raduta et al. DDE = 7.5±4 % DDE = 9.5±4 % SD = 83±5 % (O. Kirsebom et al. to be submitted)

13. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 13 3  breakup of the Hoyle state Search for “missing” states in 12 C

14. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 14 2+?2+? Stellenbosch: Freer et al. (2009): 12 C(p,p´) 12 C Yale : Zimmerman et al. (2011): 12 C(p,p´) 12 C 3-3- 1-1- 3-3- 1-1- Osaka: Itoh et al. (2011): 12 C( ,  ´) 12 C 3-3- 3-3-

15. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 15 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 202 (2010) 012016 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 267 (2011) 012046

16. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Idea 1 : Remove 3 - state using  -decay Only 0 +, 1 +, and 2 + states

17. AARHUS UNIVERSITY  12 N/ 12 B Magnetp/d 12 N/ 12 B+X 12 C/ 11 B Direct Kinematics+ISOL 12 N/ 12 B+X 12 N/ 12 B  p/d 12 C/ 11 B Magnets Inverse Kinematics+Separator

18. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 18 R.Raabe 12 N/ 12 B K. Jungmann H. Wilschut TRI  P separator Solveig Hyldegaard

19. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 1+1+ 12 C 12.711 + ≈100 + 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 15.111 + 12 N Q beta =16.32

20. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C 12.711 + ≈100 + 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 15.111 + 12 B Q beta =13.37

21. AARHUS UNIVERSITY C. Diget (York) Solveig Hyldegaard 12 N/ 12 B IGISOL Experiment

22. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 22 12 C 12.71 1 + ≈10 4.44 2 + g.s. 0 + 7.65 0 + 15.11 1 + 12 N Q beta =16.32 Natural parity states

23. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C 12.711 + ≈100 + 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 15.111 + 12 B Q beta =13.37

24. AARHUS UNIVERSITY PL B678, 459 (2009) PR C80, 044304 (2009) PR C80, 034316 (2009) PR C81, 024303 (2010) S. Hyldegaard, C. Diget

25. AARHUS UNIVERSITY How to get selectivity between 0 + and 2 + ? × × 2+2+ Only 0 +, 1 +, and 2 + statesOnly 1 +, 2 +, and 3 + states

26. AARHUS UNIVERSITY “  -delayed”  breakup    C Oliver Kirsebom (Triumf) Martin Alcorta (Argonne)

27. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 3 He+ 10 B p+ 12 C* p+3  @ 4.9 MeV M. Alcorta et al., NIM A 605, 318–325 (2009) CMAM, Madrid 3 He+ 11 B d+ 12 C* d+3  @ 8.5 MeV 3 He

28. AARHUS UNIVERSITY O. S. Kirsebom et al., Phys. Lett. B680, 44-49 (2009) 1 st case :  -decay of 1 + states (proof-of-principle) 3 He+ 10 B p+ 12 C* p+3  3 He

29. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 1 st case :  -decay of 1 + states (proof-of-principle) M1  -decay ≈ GT  -decay

30. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 2 nd case :  -decay of 2 + T=1 state + M1 >> E2  1 +,2 +, 3 + no 0 + ! − E1 decay populate negative parity  1 -,2 -, 3 -

31. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 31 2+2+ 2-2- 1-1- 2+2+ 2-2- 1-1- 11 B(p,  )  400keV van de Graaf in Aarhus.

32. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C 12.71 1 + ≈10 0,2 + 4.44 2 + g.s. 0 + 7.65 0 + 9.64 3 - 10.84 1 - 11.83 2 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.08 4 + 15.11 1 + 7.27 16.1 2 +

33. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 33 12 C 12.71 1 + ≈10 0,2 + 4.44 2 + g.s. 0 + 7.65 0 + 9.64 3 - 10.84 1 - 11.83 2 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.08 4 + 15.11 1 + 7.27 16.1 2 + 240h 1nA @ 165keV

34. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 34 12 C 12.71 1 + ≈10 0,2 + 4.44 2 + g.s. 0 + 7.65 0 + 9.64 3 - 10.84 1 - 11.83 2 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.08 4 + 15.11 1 + 7.27 16.1 2 + 16.6 2 - 3 rd case :  -decay of 2 - T=1 state 40h 1nA @ 350keV

35. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 35 C. Zemach, Phys Rev. 133 (1964) 1201 : Decay to 3  Fynbo et al. Phys Rev C79 (2009) 054009 : Decay to 3 

36. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 36 2 + 16.11MeV 2 - 16.57MeV 11 B(p,  ) 

37. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Outlook 5 MV van de Graaf in Aarhus (HV 1965) Upgrade of detector setup Other case where the method can be used? 8 Be 16 O …..

38. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 38 QuantityValueError(%) Q3Q3 379.38(20)keV1.2  rad /  4.12(11) ×10 -4 2.7  e+e- /  6.74(62) × 10 -4 9.2  e+e- 52.0(1.4)  eV 2.7 Crannell 2005  e+e- 59.6(1.5)  eV 2.5 Chernykh  ( 8 Be)/  tot >0.964 Freer 1994  ( 8 Be)/  tot 0.83(5)6 Raduta 2011

39. AARHUS UNIVERSITY THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

40. AARHUS UNIVERSITY BONUS MATERIAL…

41. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Decay channels 4 He +4 He+ 4 He 7.650 + 3.032 + g.s.0 + -0.092 8 Be+ 4 He 12 C 7.27 12.711 + 15.111 + ≈10 0 + /2 +  The 1 + states cannot decay via the 8 Be ground state because it would require L=1 and therefore a change in parity Natural parity states

42. AARHUS UNIVERSITY B(GT) B(M1) 1 +,T=1 B(M1) 2 +,T=1 Data FMD

43. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C 12.711 + ≈10.3 (0 + ) 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 9.643 - 10.841 - 11.832 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.084 + 15.111 + 16.112 +  7.27 p+ 11 B 15.96

44. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C 12.711 + ≈10.3 (0 + ) 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 9.643 - 10.841 - 11.832 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.084 + 15.111 + 16.112 +  7.27 p+ 11 B 15.96 Experimental Dalitz plots

45. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C 12.711 + ≈10.3 (0 + ) 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 9.643 - 10.841 - 11.832 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.084 + 15.111 + 16.112 +  7.27 p+ 11 B 15.96 The 13.35 MeV state 2–2– 4–4– √ X

46. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C 12.711 + ≈10.3 (0 + ) 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 9.643 - 10.841 - 11.832 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.084 + 15.111 + 16.112 +  7.27 p+ 11 B 15.96 The 11.83 MeV state 2–2– 2–2– 1) A.A.Korsheninnikov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 52 (1990) 2) H.Fynbo et al., PRL 91 (2003) 3) R.Alvarez-Rodriguez et al., PRL 99 (2007) 1)2) 3)

47. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 4 He +4 He 3.032 + -0.092 g.s.0 + 8 Be 7.650 + ≈10 0 +,2 +  8 Be 10 -16 s g.s.0 + 12 C 7.27 12 C*  4.442 +  47

48. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 12 C *  1 + 8 Be  1 +  2 +  3 E 1 = m 23 /(m 1 +m 23 ) x Q I = 2/3 xQ I 12 C 8 Be  2 +  3 QIQI Q II E1E1 E2E2 E 3 ii 2/3Q I R.H. Dalitz, Philos. Mag. 44, 1068 (1953). Energy conservation Momentum conservation Dalitz plot