2. Made by Daisy Zhou 制作：周皓昕

4. Introduction to the Course ◆ ContentsContents ◆ DisciplinesDisciplines ◆ ScoreScore ◆

5. Part I Geography

6. Chapter I A Brief Introduction to Physical Geography

7. I.Basic information 1.Different Names for Britain A. Geographical names: Great Britain, England B. The official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. C. Sometimes people just call it Britain, the United Kingdom or simply UK. Chapter I

8. 2.The National Flag: Union Jack—is the name of British national flag. The color blue is the background and its elementary color. The crosses refer to the unity of this nation by means of religion. Chapter I England Scotland Ireland

9. Chapter I 3. National Medal (Badge): England Scotland (unicorn) Ireland( harp)

10. Chapter I 4. National Flower: rose 5. The National Day: Thursday of the second week in June. 6. Anthem: God Save the QueenAnthemGod Save the Queen

11. Chapter I II. Location:  Northwestern Europe  west of Netherlands & Denmark  total area: 242 534 square kilometers  In the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe  the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the eastEnglish channel  north of France

12. Chapter I III. Four political divisions: 1. England:  southern portion of Britain  the largest part ( 60%)  most important part in wealth, size, and population  including London 2. Scotland:  northern portion of Britain  1707, the Act of UnionAct of Union  different Scottish legal procedure  Gaelic is spoken in some Highlands.  capital: Edinburgh

13. 3. North Ireland:  6 Irish counties  In 1921 other countries got autonomy.  population: Protestant majority (English & Scottish origin) and Roman Catholic minority( Celtic origin)  capital: Belfast 4. Wales:  west part  It joined Britain in the 14th century.  Welsh is also Spoken.  Capital: Cardiff Chapter I

14. IV. Topography: 14 physiographic provinces  The north and west --- highlands.  The east and southeast --- lowlands 1. Scotland : three natural zonesScotland A. Scottish Highlands: east to northeast, in the North, mountainous Ben Nevis--- the highest mountain Clyde --- the most important riverClyde

15. Chapter I B. Midland Valley: central lowlands, east to northeast, lower hills & rolling country C. Southern Uplands: broad rounded hills 2.Wales: mountainousWales north part: hills & moorland central part: plateau for sheep and cattle 3. Northern Ireland : fertile, drumlin country and a broad plateau in the NorthNorthern Ireland

16. Chapter I 4. England:England Pennines The backbone of England Lake District low hills uplands plateau cultivated plain

17. V. Climate: 1. mild---moderated by Atlantic Gulf Stream temperature: -5 to 24 2. rain--- every month, max in Feb.& Aug. annual rainfall: 26-100 inches 3. sunshine--- fewer 4. weather conditions--- vary rapidly

18. Chapter I VI. Rivers 1. longest --- the Severn River 2. second largest ---the Thames River River 3. Features  The main rivers run from north to south.  Westward flowing streams attain the Atlantic in relatively short reaches.  The rivers draining east from the main water parting are longer.

19.  Some run generally across impermeable rocks, and their discharges increase rapidly after rain.  The rivers flowing into English Channel are mainly short.  Rivers in Britain do not freeze in winter.  The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland. Lough Neagh Chapter I

20. The End! Thank you

21. Contents Britain & America 1. Geography 2. History 3. Culture 4. Social Life 5. Political System Back

22. Disciplines 1. Prepare well before class. 2. Take notes. terms Key points Structures Useful sentences in the text 3. Listen carefully in class and volunteer to participate. 4. Go over what you have learned after class. Back

23. Total Semester Score Class Work Final exam Attendance & Assignments Tests Volunteering Raw Score Transmuted Score Back

24. God Save the Queen God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen, God save the Queen: Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save the Queen. 上帝保佑女王， 祝她万寿无疆， 神佑女王。 常胜利，沐荣 光；孚民望， 心欢畅；治国 家，王运长； 神佑女王！ Back

25. English Channel A narrow sea passage which separates England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea. The narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover. (which is only 33km across.) Back

26. Chapter I the Act of Union 合并法 In 1707, Scotland, the Kingdom of England and Wales were joined as “the kingdom of Great Britain ” ( 大不列颠王国 ). In 1801, Ireland was joined and the name became “the united Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland” ( 大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国 ). In 1921, the six Northern Irish counties remained in the union of Great Britain, while the others obtained autonomy, so the name of the country was “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” ( 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合 王国 ). Back