1. 6-1 ELC 347 project management Day 16

2. Agenda Integrative Project –Part 3 due today –Part 4 Due Nov 10 (page 276) –Any of the first five sections can be resubmitted for rescoring prior to finals week. The recorded score will the average of the original score and the score on the resubmitted section. Quiz 2 corrected –3 A’s, 3 B’s and 2 C’s Assignment 6 Posted –Problems 1-7 on Page 272 & 3 –Due Nov 6, 1008 Cost Estimations and Budgeting (Chap 8) Next Class (Nov 3) we will be covering Projects 3 & 4 in Project Essentials Nov 6 will be group work for part 4 of IP project 6-2

3. 8-3 Cost Estimation and Budgeting Chapter 8 © 2007 Pearson Education

4. 8-4

5. 8-5 Big Dig YearBudget (billions) 19832.56 19894.44 19926.44 199610.84 200014.08 200314.63 http://www.masspike.com/bigdig/index.html

6. 8-6 Common Sources of Project Cost  Labor  Materials  Subcontractors  Equipment & facilities  Travel

7. 8-7 Types of Costs  Direct Vs. Indirect  Recurring Vs. Nonrecurring  Fixed Vs. Variable  Normal Vs. Expedited

8. 8-8 Cost Classifications Direct LaborXXXX Building LeaseXXXX ExpediteXXXX MaterialXXXX Non-recurring Direct Indirect Fixed Recurring Variable Normal Expedited Costs

9. 8-9 Cost Estimation  Ballpark (order of magnitude) ±30%  Comparative ±15%  Parametric estimation  Feasibility ±10%  Definitive ±5%

10. 8-10

11. 8-11 Learning Curve

12. 8-12 Learning Curves Each doubling of output results in a reduction in time to perform the last iteration. Curvilinear Handout.doc Learning curve results.xls Examples in Text Book are WRONG! Author used natural Logarithms. ln(2)=0.693 USE Excel and log(#,base) functions

13. 8-13 Problems with Cost Estimation Low initial estimates Unexpected technical difficulties Lack of definition Specification changes External factors

14. 8-14 Creating a Project Budget Top-down Bottom-up Project Plan WBS SchedulingBudgeting The budget is a plan that identifies the resources, goals and schedule that allows a firm to achieve those goals

15. 8-15 Activity-Based Costing Projects use activities & activities use resources 1.Assign costs to activities that use resources 2.Identify cost drivers associated with this activity 3.Compute a cost rate per cost driver unit or transaction 4.Multiply the cost driver rate times the volume of cost driver units used by the project

16. 8-16 Example of ABC

17. 8-17 Time-Phased budget

18. 8-18

19. 8-19 Budget Contingencies The allocation of extra funds to cover uncertainties and improve the chance of finishing on time. Contingencies are needed because Project scope may change Murphy’s Law is present Cost estimation must anticipate interaction costs Normal conditions are rarely encountered

20. 8-20 Tony’s View of Cost Estimates Much more of an art than a science –Experience counts Cost estimates usually turn into actual budgets used for cost controls Things you should discover prior to developing a budget –What is the highest possible budget you can get away with What the customer/sponsor/management will bear –What is the cheapest budget possible All things work out perfectly All budgets must be between these two numbers for the project to be successful Watch Variances! –It is the mosty important part of cost control! –Going over in one part of the project is fine if you have banked enough positive variance Example estimate budget –csrd budget.xlscsrd budget.xls

21. Examples Solved problems on page 271 6-21 NameHours NeededOverhead Charge Personal Time Rate Hourly RateTotal Direct Labor Cost John401.801.12$21/hr. Bill401.801.12$40/hr. J.P.601.351.05$10/hr. Sonny251.801.12$32/hr. Total Direct Labor Cost = 14 iterations, learning rate is 0.90, 15 hours to complete the first Y x =aX b where b = log 2 (learning rate)