1. The Old Stone Age
The earliest people

2. Where did we all come from?
Archeologist believe that the first people came from Eastern Africa. From there they migrated to different areas looking for food.

3. How We Moved….

4. Hunters and Gatherers
Paleolithic people lived in small bands of between people.
Everyone contributed to the group
Generally Paleolithic people were nomads, which means they moved from place to place following the food.

5. Adaptation
As the people moved from place to place they adapted to their surroundings
Tools
Clothing
Shelter

6. Early Religion
The first signs of religion were recorded as being around 30,000 years old.
People worshiped rocks, made idols to worship, and even worshiped animals.
This type of belief is referred to
as animation.
About this time we start to see
people taking great care to bury
the dead. (suggesting an after life)

7. Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
Its difficult to know exactly when it happened
Archeologist have inferred that humans noticed that when seeds landed in the ground…they started to grow into plants.
They started settling into areas to harvest crops
They began to domesticate(tame) animals

8. Effects of the Agricultural Revolution
People became food producers
Population growth
Which led to more interaction with different comunities
Greatest change among humans until the Industrial revolution

9. Gender differences Men Women Dominated home life Political affairs
Many became warriors Needed to protect the possessions they had
Made major decisions as a group concerning the growing of plants
Although their role was not as strong as it once was they still did much to contribute

10. New Technologies
Began making calendars to help measure the growing season
Refined tools to help with agriculture
Began to weave animal or vegetable fibers to make clothing

11. The rise of civilization
Civilization is a complex, highly organized social order
The first Civilizations were a result of food surplus
The surplus helped to expand population and support higher numbers of people

12. River Valley Civilizations
Large populations began to flourish in areas near rivers
Tigris and Euphrates (Middle East)
Nile River (Egypt)
Indus River (India)
Yellow River and Huang He (China)

13. Civilizations in America
In contrast to River Valleys elsewhere, in America, civilizations sprang up in the mountains
Aztecs and Incas

14. 8 Features of Civilization
There are 8 basic features shared among the earliest civilizations
Cities
Organized Government
Complex Religions
Job Specialization
Social Classes
Arts and Architecture
Public Works
Writing

15. Cities
Large populations of people
River Valley
Mountains

16. Organized Government
As cities grew they needed a steady food supply, therefore new governments needed to be established
Fathers passed power to their sons
As civilizations grew larger, their organizations became more complex
Laws
Taxes
Military
Irrigation projects

17. Job Specialization
As civilizations grew more complex, new technology made it necessary for people to specialize in specific areas
Brick layers
Artisans (Pottery Makers)
Metal Working
Weapon Building
Singers, Dancers, and Storytellers

18. Complex Religions Polytheistic
Worshiped many Gods
Tried to win the favor of Gods through rituals, ceremonies, animal sacrifice, and sometimes human sacrifice

19. Social Classes
People were ranked based on the jobs they had or the families they were born in to
Priests and Nobles
Wealthy Merchants
Artisans (Craftsmen)
Peasant Farmers
Slaves

20. Arts and Architecture
Most art reflected the values and beliefs of those that created them

21. Public Works
Public projects ordered by Rulers, meant to benefit the citizens of the city
Irrigation systems
Roads
Bridges
Defense Walls

22. Writing
Many archeologists believe the first writings occurred in temples where priests recorded agriculture information
Most early writing is made up of pictograms, which are symbol drawings that looked like the objects they represented

23. Empire Group of states and territories controlled by one Ruler
Often larger civilizations fought each other for choice land and resources