1. WORKSHOP OVERVIEW ENGR. YOMI BOLARINWA fnse, mieee, msbe Broadcast Engineer 1

2. OUTLINE  Quick look at Electromagnetic spectrum, with specifics on radio communication spectrum.  Broadcast spectrum, yesterday, today and tomorrow  Understanding current trend in spectrum usage  Valuation of the broadcast spectrum  Future spectrum needs of the broadcast industry  Impact of Digital Migration on the population and the industry in general 2

3. OUTLINE  Regulatory authority in the communication industry, single or dual regulator  Opportunities for the development of new services including Mobile Broadcasting Services as a result of Digital Migration  Current licensing method in the broadcast industry in Africa  Emerging Licence methods in Africa  Broadcasting policy and practice in Africa  Broadcast Licence as an asset.  A New Business Model as a result of Digital Migration 3

4. BROADCASTING Broadcasting is very important in Africa because majority of Africans get their information, education and entertainment from primarily radio and television. The print media tends to have an urban bias and is dependent on literacy. Radio uses more African languages than any other medium and more accessible 4

5. MIGRATION OR TRANSITION The digital television transition, also called the digital switchover or analogue switch- off, is the process in which Analogue TV broadcasting is converted to and replaced by Digital TV. This primarily involves the conversion of analogue terrestrial TV to Digital terrestrial TV. However, it also involves Analogue Cable conversion to Digital Cable, as well as analogue to digital Satellite. 5

6. ANALOGUE NETWORK 6

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9. WHY TRANSIT???????????? Almost all analogue formats in current use were standardised between the 1940s and the 1950s ] and have had to be adapted to the technological innovations since then. Initially offering only black and white images with monophonic sound, the formats have had to be modified to broadcast in colour and with stereo sound, second audio program (SAP),captioning, and other information all while being backwards compatible,with televisions unable to use the features. Additionally, engineers have had to implement these protocols within the limits of a set bandwidth and the tolerances of an inefficient analogue format. 9

10. WHY TRANSIT???????????? However, during this time, the application and distribution of digital communications evolved. Digital television transmission more efficiently uses the available bandwidth and can easily integrate other digital services. While analog video and audio broadcasts can not efficiently include other digital services, they have the advantage of greater area coverage because a degraded signal can still be usable to a fringe user while a digital one will just drop off. 10

11. IMPACT OF TRANSITION  For the end-user, digital television has the potential for resolutions and sound fidelity far higher than those of analogue broadcasts It is also offers far more channels by way of digital multiplexing, distinct simulcast programming, from the same broadcaster  For government and industry, digital television reallocates the radio spectrum so that it can be auctioned off. In the subsequent auctions, telecommunications industries can introduce new services and product some mobile services, Wi-Fi Internet, and other nationwide telecommunications projects.  For the broadcaster: decreased allocations available, expensive digital equipment cost replacement and lower broadcast area coverage due to digital drop-off. 11

12. CONCLUSION It is clear that three things have led our Industry to it’s present state, namely  Spectrum efficient usage  Convergence of technology  Economics Each will now be discussed in details within the next two days. 12

13. 13 THANK YOU