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Published byErik Powell Modified over 9 years ago
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Structures and Functions
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Nucleus Structure: Double membrane with nuclear pores Function: Contains the chromosomes, which contain the DNA. DNA is the “instruction manual” for all cellular processes. Known As: City Mayor
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Cell Membrane Structure: Double layer of phospholipids (aka: lipid bilayer) Hydrophilic tails face inward Hydrophobic heads face outward Also contains protein receptors Function: Regulates what can enter/exit the cell, acts as a barrier Known As: City Border
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Ribosome Structure: Large and small subunits (made of RNA and protein) Function: Protein synthesis Known As: Lumber or Brick Yard
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: network of membrane bound tubules and vesicles, continuation of nuclear membrane “Pebbled” with ribosomes Function: Transports proteins made from ribosomes to other parts of cell Known As: “congested” highways
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: network of membrane bound vesicles and tubules (same as Rough ER), continuation of nuclear membrane Not as many ribosomes Function: vary depending on type of cell (could be: lipid and hormone synthesis, breakdown of toxins, etc) Known As: traffic-free highways
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Golgi Body/Apparatus Structure: series of membranes shaped like pancakes Function: packages proteins made from ribosomes, produces lysosomes Known As: Packing Plant
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Cytoskeleton Structure: network of fibers Function: provides support for the cell, gives the cell shape and protection Known As: police department
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Lysosome Structure: specialized vesicle, small round sacs Function: holds enzymes for digestion of food Known As: Food Processing Plant
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Peroxisome Structure: small round sac, same as lysosome Function: contains enzymes to break down toxins Known As: Chemical Processing Plant
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Mitochondria Structure: folded inner membranes (cristae) within fluid (matrix), all within an outer membrane Function: produces energy through cellular respiration Known As: Power Plant
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Cytoplasm Structure: jelly-like fluid Function: to help organelles and molecules move around the cell Known As: Infrastructure
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Vacuole Structure: membrane-bound sac Function: Stores water, food, or other nutrients Known As: Warehouse
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Nucleolus Structure: membrane-bound structure inside the nucleus Function: produces subunits of ribosomes, transcription
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Secretory Vesicle Structure: Membrane-bound sac Function: surrounds toxins/waste and removes them from cell Known As: Garbage trucks
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Cell Wall Structure: made of microtubules and filaments Function: protection of cell from environmental factors (only found in plant cells) Known As: City barrier
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Chloroplast Structure: double membrane (outer and inner), thylakoids stacked into grana, surrounded by stroma Function: produces energy for plant cells through photosynthesis Known as: solar power plant
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