1. BIOL 2041 Land-Use Planning Chapter 13

2. BIOL 2041 Cities Cities cover less than 2% of earth’s surface London requires 58 times its size in land area in order to supply its citizens with timber and food Location of cities –Trade routes Waterways Railways (1800s) Highways (rise of fast food and service industry) –Fast Food Nation Eric Schlosser

3. BIOL 2041

8. Cities –Rural-Urban shift Industrial revolution (economic) European immigrants Cultural reasons

9. BIOL 2041 Scale and speed of urbanization Move to the cities –1850 – 2% of people in cities – 1950 - 30% of people in cities – 2000 - 47% of people in cities Consider increased global population Facts –33 % of population in Canada lives in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Ottawa-Hull –Tokyo – 28 million!!!!!! –Continuous cities

10. BIOL 2041 50% growth (1995-2015) City1995 (millions)2015 (millions) Bombay1526 Lagos1024 Delhi1017 Karachi919 Manila914 Jakarta814 Dhaka819

11. BIOL 2041 Scale and speed of urbanization Move to the cities Sprawl –The spread of urban and suburban areas across the landscape –Lifestyle, economy, and planning/policy (see text) –View points Development or displacement Good, bad, or does it reflect values?

12. BIOL 2041 The “Burbs” Industrial Revolution –Uncontrolled pollution in cities centers –People left for city outskirts (if they could afford it) Modern (trend increased) –Central city (60% of population in 1950, 30% in 1990) –Results Decrease farmland Decrease wild areas

13. BIOL 2041 Problems with unplanned urban growth (review text) Transportation Air pollution Low energy efficiency Loss of community Death of central city (revitalization?) Higher infrastructure Loss of open space and farmland

14. BIOL 2041 Problems with unplanned urban growth (cont) Water pollution Floodplain problems Wetlands misuse

15. BIOL 2041 Ecological footprint The aspects of human life that use resources or generate waste Average Canadian requires about 3.5 ha of land Vancouver –1.8 million people –4,000 square km –Ecological foot print 19x geographical one

16. BIOL 2041 Land Use and Resource Mgmt. Land Use –Those issues that deal with the ways we apportion areas of land for different functions Resource management –Strategic decision-making about who should extract resources and in what ways (efficient use of resources)

17. BIOL 2041 City planning Curitiba, Brazil (2.5 million people) –75% use bus system –Encourage use of bikes –Recycling, free health care for poor Davis California –Curbside recycling (home and city streets) –Compost