1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Maran Illustrated Computers CIS 102 1

2. Hardware 2

3. Software 3

4. Getting Help 4

5. How Computers Work in General 5

6. Input devices 6

7. Process (CPU) 7

8. Output 8

9. Storage device 9

10. Data representation in Bytes 10

11. Computer Memory Memory is comprised of a large collection of bi-state (off/on) electrical devices called bits (binary digits) A single bit can assume the value 0 or 1. A single bit is not sufficient to represent all data ; therefore, it is necessary to use a sequence of bits.

12. Computer Memory How many bits are needed in a bit pattern to represent a symbol in a language? A bit pattern of size 1 can represent two different pieces of information. For example, to represent pass / fail we could use 0 - Fail 1 - Pass

13. Binary system The binary system is based on 2. There are only two digits: 0 and 1 We convert a number from binary to decimal by multiplying each binary digit by its corresponding power of 2. i.e. Multiply the bit at position n (n = 0, 1, 2, …) by

14. Figure 3-1 Decimal system

15. Figure 3-2 Binary system

16. Binary to Decimal Conversion Binary number

17. Figure 3-3 Binary to decimal conversion

18. 1.Convert the binary number 10011 to decimal. 2.Convert the binary number 1110101 to decimal. Exercises

19. Example 1 Convert the binary number 10011 to decimal. Solution Write out the bits and their weights. Multiply the bit by its corresponding weight and record the result. At t Write out the bits and their weights. Multiply the bit by its corresponding weight and record the result. At the end, add the results to get the decimal number. Binary 10011 Weights 16 8 4 2 1 ------------------------------------- 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1

20. Exercises 1.Convert the decimal number 35 to binary. 2.Convert the decimal number 327 to binary.

21. Base 8 (Octal ) Bit Pattern Bit Pattern ------------ 000 001 010 011 Octal Digit Octal Digit ------------ 0 1 2 3 100 101 110 111 45674567 Valid digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

22. Base 16 - Hexadecimal Bit Pattern Bit Pattern ------------ 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 Hex Digit Hex Digit ------------ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bit Pattern Bit Pattern ------------ 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Hex Digit Hex Digit ------------ 8 9 A B C D E F Valid digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

23. Converting from base 2 to hexadecimal To convert from base 2 to hexadecimal 1. Organize the stream of binary digits into groups of four. 2. Find the hexadecimal value for each group of 4 bits. 10010010111000011010 9 2 E 1 A

24. Converting from hexadecimal to base 2 To convert from hexadecimal (base 16) to base 2 Convert each digit to its 4-bit equivalent. 9 2 E 1 A 1001 0010 1110 0001 1010

25. Binary to hexadecimal and hexadecimal to binary transformation

26. 1.Show the hexadecimal equivalent of the bit pattern 1100 1110 0010. 2.Show the hexadecimal equivalent of the bit pattern 0011100010. 3.What is the bit pattern for 2675 base 16? 4.What is the bit pattern for B51E base 16? Exercises

27. Review number systems Review base 10 Review base 2 (binary) Review base 16 (hexadecimal) Convert from decimal to binary Convert from binary to decimal Convert between binary and Hexadecimal See notes for links covering these topics 27

28. Types of computers 28

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31

32. 32

33. Surge Protector 33

34. UPS 34

35. Monitor Port 35

36. Sound Ports 36

37. Modem port 37

38. Ethernet (Network) Port 38

39. USB port 39

40. Firewire port 40

41. 41

42. Daisy chaining 42

43. Plug and Play 43

44. Adding ports to your computer 44

45. 45

46. Expansion slots 46

47. Connect devices 47

48. High-End video 48

49. Firewire or USB 2.0 49

50. High-End Sound 50

51. Network Interface Card (NIC) 51

52. 52

53. 53

54. 54

55. 55

56. 56

57. 57