1. Plate tectonics, earthquakes and tsunamis Ken Hudnut U. S. Geological Survey GATE Geology Paradise Canyon Elementary School La Canada, California 9 February 2005

2. 2 GATE Plate tectonics, earthquakes and tsunamis Part 1 - plate tectonics Part 1 - plate tectonics Part 2 - earthquakes Part 2 - earthquakes Part 3 - tsunamis Part 3 - tsunamis Part 4 - California hazards Part 4 - California hazards

3. 3 GATE Motion between the plates causes earthquakes and volcanoes

4. 4 GATE Tilly Smith, 10 years old, saved people from the tsunami ! LONDON — A British schoolgirl who recognized the signs of a coming tsunami thanks to a recent geography lesson saved her family and some 100 other tourists at a Thai beach, a British newspaper reported. Tilly Smith, 10, realized they were in danger when she saw the tide suddenly rush out — an indication earthquake-driven tidal waves are only minutes away — and told her mother. She explained that she had studied tsunamis only two weeks before at her school in Oxshott, just south of London. Her parents, Penny and Colin Smith, warned nearby vacationers and staff at their hotel in Phuket, and the hotel swiftly evacuated Maikhao beach, minutes before the devastating waves struck.The beach was one of only a few in Phuket where no one was killed or seriously hurt. "I was on the beach and the water started to go funny," Tilly said. "There were bubbles and the tide went out all of a sudden. I recognized what was happening and had a feeling there was going to be a tsunami. I told mummy."

5. 5 GATE Movie by T. Atwater, UCSB Part 1. Plate Tectonics

6. 6 GATE Motion between the plates causes earthquakes and volcanoes This is really bad news for people (like us!) living around the Pacific Rim, also known as the Ring of Fire

7. 7 GATE Earthquakes & People Earthquakes sometimes hit big cities

8. 8 GATE Where the India plate is pushed down beneath the Banda micro- plate, it is being SUBDUCTED. Where the two plates’ surfaces are sliding past each other, it gets caught for hundreds of years and then the stored stress is released in a big earthquake.

9. 9 GATE Earthquakes and volcanoes are driven by plate tectonic motion As a plate subducted, the Cascades volcanoes and San Andreas fault were born As a plate subducted, the Cascades volcanoes and San Andreas fault were born The subducting plate melts and the magma rises up to form volcanoes The subducting plate melts and the magma rises up to form volcanoes The plates sliding past each other make the active transform faults The plates sliding past each other make the active transform faults Movie by T. Atwater, UCSB

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11. 11 GATE Motion between the plates causes earthquakes and volcanoes This is really bad news for people (like us!) living around the Pacific Rim, also known as the Ring of Fire

12. 12 GATE Why do volcanoes erupt? Pressure builds up because of heat and trapped gas bubblesPressure builds up because of heat and trapped gas bubbles Cracks open and lava, steam and ash blast outCracks open and lava, steam and ash blast out Sticky magma makes tall cone-shaped volcanoes (like Merapi)Sticky magma makes tall cone-shaped volcanoes (like Merapi) Runny magma makes low, broad volcanoes (like Kilauea, Hawai’I)Runny magma makes low, broad volcanoes (like Kilauea, Hawai’I)

13. 13 GATE Merapi volcano, Java Strato-volcanoes erupt igneous rocks!

14. 14 GATE Location Epicenter nearEpicenter near Simeulue Island Simeulue Island AftershocksAftershocks extend past the extend past the Nicobar and Nicobar and Andaman Islands Andaman Islands

15. 15 GATE If you feel an earth- quake, get to high ground!

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