1. The Medieval Period 1066-1485

2. The Norman Conquest 1. The Battle of Hastings: William the Conqueror 2. Domesday Book: inventory 3. seized property 4. strong central government

4. Normans Vikings who invaded France French customs and language Increased land by marriage and conquest Controlled much of Europe

5. Land and the Feudal System Feudalism: an exchange of property for personal service King owns all land A Lord granted property (fief) to a vassal (person who receives it) – the vassal promises service (homage) to his Lord by taking the Christian vow of fealty Barons paid taxes and supplied knights to the king Knights received manors – small self-sufficient parcels of land

8. Shifting Language French words began to be used (especially in business and law) Discrimination (in the field, the Saxon name was used; on the table, the French name) Ie. Sheep in the field; mutton on the table

9. Reign of the Plantagenets Henry II Has a conflict with the church – appointed Thomas a Becket as the Archbishop of Canterbury– he agreed with the church so he was killed Led to pilgrimage to Canterbury

13. The Medieval Church Roman Catholic Everyone belonged to the church All education took place in the church (Latin)

14. Medieval Life Feudal system Herding Industry (wool) – wages Larger cities in the North Growing merchant class – entered the court – start of courtly literature Formation of guilds (apprenticeship) Great cathedrals built (Yorkminster Abby) Difficult life Religious festivals

16. English Law Crime by ordeal (irrational) William created a system of common law – same crime = same punishment: precedent Primogeniture: first son inherits Development of juries Magna Carta – tax laws Habeas corpus – innocent until proven guilty Beginning of parliament

18. Crusades Battles trying to free Jerusalem from the Turks Failed: lots of looting Chivalry: code of truth, honour, courtesy, and valor Knights should be brave on the battlefield, devoted and tenderhearted off it Knights pledged service to a lady Stimulated trade between Europe and the Middle East London became a large trading center

20. The Hundred Years War England vs. France – English kicked out of France Longbows created (knights not as important in battle) Gunpowder was invented

21. The War of the Roses The Black Death killed 1/3 of the population John Wycliffe led the peasants to revolt War between the House of York (white rose) and the House of Lancaster (red rose) These two families were eventually united by Henry VII through marriage – this was the beginning of the Tudor line (end of the Middle Ages)