1. Chapter 10: MEDIVAL Kingdoms in Europe
Feudalism

2. Development of Feudalism
What is feudalism?
Political and social system
Nobles offering protection to servants
Servants would receive land
Noble receives different services and favors needed by noble
What caused this development?
Government struggled to protect servants
Were more focused on protecting empire from the Vikings and other invaders

3. Knights and vassals What is a vassal? Knights Servant of a noble
Gives military service to him
Came out of feudalism
Was able to gain own land by fighting for a noble
Knights
Cavalry
Was main feature of European warfare
Great social prestige
Became aristocracy from it

4. Feudal Contract
The greatest virtue within society was loyalty to your lord
Required an act of homage to the lord
Fief
Land grant made to a vassal
Once a fief was held, one gained political power
As empires fell, many small governments were established
What is a feudal contract?
Set of unwritten rules between a lord and servants(Vassals)
It lacked a sense of master/servant relationship though
Vassals main job was military service for one month a year
Lords were expected to back a vassal in all things

5. Nobility of the Middle Ages
Who was considered nobility?
Kings, dukes, barons, bishops.
All political, social, and economic power was held here
What is chivalry?
Came about in 11th and 12th centuries
What was considered to be civilized behavior for nobility
Code of ethics
Treat both enemies and friends with respect and honor

6. Chapter 10: Medieval Kingdoms in Europe
Peasants, Trade, and Cities

7. The New Agriculture Population of Europe doubles by 1300
Requires need for more resources
New tools helped revolutionize agriculture
Carruca
Horse drawn iron plow
Could break through different types of soil
Creation of farming villages where people worked together
Use of crop rotations (allowed for soil to remain fertile)

8. The Manorial System What is a manor? An agricultural estate
Run by the lords. Worked by serfs (Peasants legally bound to the land)
Had to pay rent or labor service (60% of Western Europe)
Worked generally 3 days a week
Paid for labor and also for use of the land beyond farming
Rights of the Lords
Serfs could not leave estate without permission
Had political authority
Could try serfs in court for crimes

9. Revival of Trade
11th and 12th centuries brought around an increase of trade in Europe
Hanseatic league: Trade association in the Baltic and North Sea
Made up of over 100 cities
Desire for fair and safe trade opportunities
Trade Fairs
Cities would invite people annually to bring all goods to encourage the expansion of trade
Created the need for a money system

10. Chapter 10: Medieval kingdoms in europe
Growth of European Kingdoms

11. England in the Middle Ages
The Norman Conquest (1066AD)
Battle of Hastings
William of Normandy vs. King Harold of England
William defeats Harold. Named King of England
All knights under him received parcels of land
All nobles were required to take an oath of Loyalty
Ruling Class originally spoke French
Marriage with Anglo-Saxons(Native People) led to creation of English

12. England in the Middle Ages
Henry II ( AD)
Increased the power of the English monarchy
Creation of Common Law
Law code that covered all of England instead of areas having their own
Took more criminal cases out of local courts and putting them in the royal court
Led to an increase in royal power
Magna Carta (1215AD)
Resentment by English nobles led to the “Great Charter” of rights
Written relationship between the king and his vassals
Edward I
Parliament: 2 knights per county. 2 people per town. All nobles and bishops
Parliament passed laws, granted taxes, and discussed politics

13. France in the Middle Ages
Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty)
987AD: First of the French Kings
Came from the Carolingian Empire
Limited Power held only around city of Paris
Philip II Augutus ( AD)
Fought with England
Took control of Normandy and other mainland European territories
Louis IX
Listened to the complaints of the people to improve France
Philip IV (“The Fair” AD)
Established French Parliament
3 Estates: The Clergy (1st), Nobles (2nd), Peasants (3rd)

14. Holy Roman Empire Otto I Frederick I Frederick II
German patron of culture
Brought Church under his control and protected the pope
Attempted to rule both Germans and Italians
Frederick I
Tried to take over Italy
Pope opposed him and united all Italian states
They wanted to remain free
Frederick II
Wanted to establish strong centralized state in Italy
Pope opposed him and defeated him
German nobles took control of German lands during this breaking apart the Holy Roman Empire