1. Literary Elements
Mrs. Dauphin

2. Let’s Define Literary Elements
Simile –
Comparison of two unlike things, using a word such as like, as, than or resembles
Metaphor –
Imaginative comparison between two unlike things in which one things is said to be another thing.
DO NOT USE WORDS SUCH AS LIKE, AS THAN, OR RESEMBLES.

3. Does this quote uses Simile or Metaphor. How?
Don’t tell mother her cookies taste like lumps of sand.
Simile
Ethan’s head was a spinning top with ideas of how to do his book report.
Metaphor

4. Personification and Hyperbole
Giving nonhuman thing human characteristics.
What ideas can you add to personification?
Hyperbole :
use of overstatement and/or exaggeration
Examples:
Cry me a river. I cried a river over you.
We could have herd a pin drop.
He’s go a heart as big as the outdoors.

5. Can the situation really be a million billion times worse?

6. Do not forget about Imagery and Symbolism!
Language that appeals to the senses.
Example: The sounds of the street are a symphony of honks, squeaks, squeals, and zooms.
Symbol:
Person, place, thing, or event that has its own meaning and stands for something beyond itself as well.
Examples: Rainbow in “Toward a Rainbow Nation”

7. Here are some tips you may want to use to identify symbolism
Look for repeated words, images or actions
What do they mean? Why are they important?
When a character takes action, what are the reasons?
What are the traits or qualities that may make the item a symbol?
(Hint: good to use while taking the ARMT in a few weeks!)

8. What evidence can you find in the poem below that supports the literary terms we have discussed.
The Tortilla Dances in my hands As I carry it To the drainboard, Where I smear it With butter, The yellow ribbon of butter That will drop Like fruit From the Tree To stare at me With his glassy eyes. I will rip a piece For him. He will jump On his food And gargle it down. Chirp once and fly Back into the wintry tree. from “Ode to the Tortilla,” by Gary Soto
Personification:
The tortilla dances in my hands
Metaphor:
The yellow ribbon of butter that will drip
Simile
The sparrow will drop like fruit to the tree
What else to you see?

9. Is it ironic? How? Irony: Who can recall the different types of irony?
Verbal
Situational
Dramatic

10. Definition behind Irony
Verbal Irony:
Contrast between what is said and what is meant
Example: Mother comes into the TV room and discovers her 11-year-old watching South Park instead of doing his homework, as he was set to a dozen minutes ago.  Pointing to the screen she says, "Don't let me tempt you from your duties, kiddo, but when you're finished with your serious studies there, maybe we could take some time out for recreation and do a little math."

11. Situational Irony Situational Irony:
Occurs when what happens is different than what is said.
Example:

12. Dramatic Irony Dramatic Irony:
When the reader knows something is about to happen that the character does not know.
Example: In a horror movie: the character runs upstairs…..
Often the music plays a role in developing the dramatic irony.

13. Lets Review Briefly Give an example of each Element
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Hyperbole
Onomatopoeia
Point of view

14. Sounds Alliteration: Onomatopoeia:
Repetition of the same or very similar constant or sounds
How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?
Onomatopoeia:
Use of words with sounds that echo their sense
Seth whooshed down the hill on his sled.

15. Using your critical thinking skills lets discuss some examples of onomatopoeia.

16. Here are some examples of Onomatopoeia

17. Who can tell me what the three types of Rhyme were? (Raise your hand!)
End Rhyme: Occurs at the end
Internal Rhymes: Written within a line
Rhyme Scheme: Pattern of end rhymes in a poem
Examples: abab or abc abc
Remember this Poem:
Meg Likes to read and eat. (a)
She does not like to write. (b)
She will devour a book or a tasty treat. (a)
But she won’t write her essay tonight. (b)

18. What’s your point of view?
What different points of view?
First Person:
The narrator is the main character: Peak
Second Person:
The narrator addresses the reader as you
Advertising and how to manuals
Third Person Omniscient:
The narrator is all knowing
Third Person Limited:
The narrator focuses on one character’s thoughts and actions

19. Do you agree that the below passage is written in third person point of view? If so, why?
“Just one hour, una hora, is all I’m asking of you son, My grandfather is in a nursing home in Brooklyn, and my mother wants to spend some time, since the doctors say that he doesn’t’ have too long to go now. I don’t have much time left of my summer vacation, and there’s a stack of books next to my bed I‘ve got to read if I’m going to get into the AP English Class I want.

20. How are graphics used in literature?
Capitalization: used in the first word in a line (usually in traditional poetry not always in modern)
Line Length: used to alter meaning, create sounds, and rhythm
Word Positions: Give creative style
Tone: Involves the attitude of the writer that a writer takes towards the audience.
Mood: Over all emotion created by a work of literature

21. Excellent Review everyone!
Now you are ready for the test tomorrow!
Be sure to review all notes!
Be extra careful to know your terms!