1. THE HETEROGENEITY OF HOUSING ELDERLY’S PROFILE: EVIDENCE FROM WALLOON DATA Dr. Stéphanie CASSILDE HSA Conference 2015, 8th-10th April

2. Why and How Searching of Heterogeneity of Housing Elderly’s Profile ?

3. Research question and objectives  Aging:  shifting from an aggregated group of elderly to (maybe) various groups  Enough observations in surveys  Analytical objective  Descriptive objective

4. Housing Quality Survey in Wallonia EQH 2006-2007  Description of each household  1895 retired, 4031 non- retired EQH 2012-2013  Description of each individual within the household  1954 retired, 4058 non- retired Housing = Regional Authority ; private households +: cross sectional comparability -: lost of information (age, comparable income) Household level

5. Methodology  Multiple Correspondence Factorial Analysis  Hierarchical Ascendant Classification  Descriptive statistics for the group-specific characteristics  Full sample  Sample of retired  Sample of non-retired

6. With the results, I wish to learn  Is the factorial space of housing conditions the same for all?  Which are the differences between retired groups and non-retired groups?  Which are the similarities between retired groups and non-retired groups?  To which extent is there an heterogeneity of housing elderly’s profile?

7. The Walloon Context

8.  Being landlord is the norm (70%)  Promotion to access property (bonus logement; ends in 2015)  High preference for detached-houses  High preference for houses (80%)  50-70 sqrt.m. belongs to small housing  (very) Old housing stock  Poor insulation  Promotion to realize insulation (add of income eligibility criteria in 2015)

9. The Factorial Space of Housing Conditions in Wallonia

10. Comparable Active Variables  Salubrity index (5 categories)  Housing type (3 types)  Building year (6 intervals)  Area in sqrt.m. (6 intervals)  Heating type (3 categories)  Walls insulation (2 categories)  Windows insulation (2 categories)  Status (2 categories)  Descriptive statistics: gender, disable, satisfaction, will to move, [age], [income]

11. The Factorial Space Dimension 1  Housing type  Area in sqrt.m.  Status  α Cronbach between 0.572 and 0.671 Dimension 2  Salubrity index  Heating type  Building year  Insulation  α Cronbach between 0.394 and 0.463

12. landlord house huge area landlord house huge area tenant apartment small area tenant apartment small area old building bad salubrity index individual heating old building bad salubrity index individual heating new building good salubrity index central heating good insulation new building good salubrity index central heating good insulation Dimension 1 Dimension 2 4 groups

13. EQH 2006-2007 Results

14. EQH 2006-2007: Results Source: EQH 2006-2007 Households whom head is retired Source: EQH 2006-2007 Households whom head is retired

15. EQH 2006-2007: Results 4 groups of retired household head  A: 60.3% (AVERAGE) old housing  B: 13.7% old apartment with individual heating and bad salubrity index  C: 9.1% better housing conditions  D: 16.9% tenant in new small apartment 4 groups of non-retired household head  1: 25.2% better housing conditions  2: 18.3% small housing with average salubrity index  3: 29.4% old huge housing with individual heating and bad/average salubrity index  4: 27.1% tenant in very small apartment

16. EQH 2006-2007: Results 4 groups of retired household head  A: 60.3% (AVERAGE)  B: 13.7% [low income]  C: 9.1% very satisfied [refusal to communicate the income]  D: 16.9% woman [low income] 4 groups of non-retired household head  1: 25.2% very satisfied, do not want to move [good income or refusal]  2: 18.3% [average income] disable in the household  3: 29.4% (AVERAGE)  4: 27.1% not satisfied [low income]

17. EQH 2012-2013 Results

18. EQH 2012-2013: Results Source: EQH 2012-2013 Households whom head is retired Source: EQH 2012-2013 Households whom head is retired

19. EQH 2012-2013: Results 4 groups of retired household head  A: 43.5% (AVERAGE) old housing, no heating or only extra heating  B: 4.6% tenant in small apartment  C: 36.7% better housing conditions  D: 15.2% tenant in new small apartment 4 groups of non-retired household head  1: 26.2% better housing conditions  2: 16.1% tenant in small apartment with individual heating  3: 45.2% old housing with average salubrity index  4: 12.6% tenant in small and old apartment with very bad salubrity index and no heating or only extra heating

20. EQH 2012-2013: Results 4 groups of retired household head  A: 43.5% (AVERAGE)  B: 4.6% woman [low/average income]  C: 36.7% very satisfied [huge income] [55 to 64]  D: 15.2% woman 4 groups of non-retired household head  1: 26.2% very satisfied [huge income]  2: 16.1% woman, low satisfaction, will to move [low/average income] [25- 34]  3: 45.2% (AVERAGE)  4: 12.6% woman, disable in the household, low satisfaction, will to move [low income]

21. Comparing EQH 2006-2007 and 2012-2013 Results

22. What affect retired and non-retired  What is due to the evolution of the housing sector:  Extra heating is back  Decrease of landlord %, even if higher proportion of landlord among retired than among non-retired

23. Growing heterogeneity among retired  Decrease of A % (AVERAGE group)  Worse housing conditions for A  Increase of C % (better conditions)  Decrease of B %  Stability of D %

24. Today non-retired are tomorrow retired  Growing heterogeneity that can be expected :  Stability of (1) % (better conditions)  Stability of (2) %  But worse housing conditions for (2) and feminization  Increase of (3) % (AVERAGE) old buiding  Decrease of (4) %

25. Conclusions, Limitations, and Perspectives

26. Conclusions  4 housing elderly’s profiles in Walloon data  Growing differences between these profiles  Invite to a thinner focus for public policy design

27. Limitations and Perspectives  Collective households (retired home)  Elderly who live with their children  Retired status maybe « erases » former characteristics  following life housing path  Curiosity for other countries: which factorial space? Which kind of heterogeneity among elderly?

28. Thank you for your attention The Heterogeneity of Housing Elderly’s Profile: Evidence from Walloon Data Dr. Stéphanie CASSILDE HSA Conference 2015, 8th-10th April