1. Section 18-1 Review 1.What is binomial nomenclature? 2.What is the most inclusive taxon? 3.What is the least inclusive taxon? 4.What 2 kingdoms did Linnaeus identify? 5.Name the seven taxa identified by Linnaeus, from largest to smallest.

2. Modern Evolutionary Classification Section 18-2 Objectives: 9.1 Sequencing taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive in the classification of living things 9.2 Identifying organisms using a dichotomous key

3. Limitations to Linnaeus’ System  Based simply on visible similarities and differences  What did we learn from Lonesome George and the tortoise in the Prague Zoo?  Based on visible similarities, would you think dolphins are more closely related to humans or fish?

4. Phylogeny:  Def: the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms  Based on lines of evolutionary descent, not just physical similarities  This is called evolutionary classification.  It is based on recently shared common ancestors to show closer relationships.

5. Phylogenetic Tree or Cladogram Source: http://schoolworkhelper.net/evolution-synapomorphies-cladogram/

6. Source:http://www.naturephot o-cz.com/african-white-backed- vulture-photo-3171.html Source:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/american- black-vulture-coragyps-atratus/perched-tree- transpantaneira Source:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/ photo/painted-stork-mycteria- leucocephala/birds-just- started-migrate-park-early- august

7. Similarities in DNA and RNA  Look at the birds in Figure 18-8, on p.454.  Which 2 would you think were more closely related?  Both the American vultures and the stork will urinate on their own legs to let evaporation cool them.  DNA analysis showed the DNA sequences of these two birds were also more similar.