2. Marine Corps History 1950 -Korean War LE1508 : Pages 71-83

3. Changes In The Corps Women allowed to join First time : WWI Commandant Resisted the Change 1942 Women’s Reserve was formed 18,460 women reserves during WWII Only a small group remained in 1945 Integrated into the Regular Marine Corps

4. Changes Continued Blacks First served during Revolutionary War Segregation began in 1798 (reorganization) Began Integration in 1940’s (Pres. Roosevelt) Blacks had separate training facilities First black commissioned officer in 1948

5. WWII Demobilization 1945 = 485,000 Marines on duty Congress declared that the Corp’s peacetime strength should not exceed 107,000. 1947 = 85,000 Marines on duty

6. The Korean War 25 June 1950: North Korean People’s Army (NKPA) crossed the 38 th Parallel into South Korea.

8. Korea Gen. MacArthur asked for the Marines to repel the North Korean attack. Marines went to the Pusan Perimeter to assist the US Army. After securing the Pusan Perimeter, the Marines prepared to attack at Inchon.

9. Amphibious Assault on Inchon 1 st Marine Regiment commanded by Col. Chesty Puller. Inchon’s tides change 30 feet in 3 hours 15 Sep 1950: Unopposed attack on Inchon 25 Sep 1950: Marines advanced to Seoul 1 st MAR. DIV. Heads for Wonson and then the Chosin Reservoir.

10. The Chosin Reservoir OBJECTIVE: Seize Hydroelectric Station 2 Nov, Enroute: Encountered Chinese Communist Forces Chinese Retreated & Marines moved to Koto-Ri 13 Nov: 1 st Regiment advanced to quickly and reached the reservoir to soon. The 8 th Army was still 80 miles away from being in place on the left flank of the Marines.

11. “Frozen” Chosen continued 27 Nov: Marines ordered to move, they began to move and attack west. At night the temperature would drop to –20 F. 8 Chinese Divisions came out of the mountains and surrounded the Marines. The Marines had to fight their way out or be destroyed.

12. Attacking in a different direction Marines fought their way back to Hungnam by 2 Dec. Marines casualties = 730 lives Chinese casualties = 25,000 lives

13. Last Major Offensive The Punch Bowl Large circular valley Several inconclusive battles Poor Air Support from Air Force

14. The End of the War 27 July 1953 : Ceasefire DEVELOPMENTS : Cold weather boots Flak Jackets Helicopters

15. President Truman Signed Public Law 416 which restructured the Marine Corps 3 Divisions and 3 Air Wings

16. Marine Corps Acronyms: N.C.O. Non Commissioned Officer C.C.F. Chinese Communist Forces M.S.R. Main Supply Route N.K.P.A. North Korean Peoples Army R.O.K. Republic Of Korea

17. Questions