1. Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Infections

2. Virus Diagnosis
Direct demonstration of the virus, its antigens or nucleic acid
Virus Isolation:
Chick embryo
Cell culture (cell line)
Animal inoculation
Serology

3. Direct Demonstration of virus, antigens or nucleic acid
Cytology (CPE: cell lysis, vacuolation, syncytia, changes in cell morphology, inclusion bodies)
Electron microscope (number of virus particles)
Genetic Probing using tagged probes specific for a unique target sequence in the viral genome
Direct Immunofluorescence, ELISA, RIA, latex agglutination

4. Virus Isolation (cell line)
Primary cell line
Diploid cell line
Continuous cell lines (HeLa)

5. Virus Isolation (cell line)
Virus growth is detected in cell line by
CPE, interference, hemadsorption, hemagglutination)

6. Serology Detection of antibodies to the virus Has limitations
IgM, 4-fold or more increase in IgG or high fixed titre
Neutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, ELISA, indirect fluorescent test, RIA, latex agglutination