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3. 3 CuCu Ag Industrial process: mining, processing - flotation, smelting - electrolysis Cu, Ag

4. 2015-10-14 4 Seismic hazards in Poland very low, but sometimes „induced seismicity” Last : 19 march 2013 Copper mine area: LUBIN

5. 2015-10-14 5 Zinc and lead ore Zinc minerals in such a form are present nearly exclusively in Silesia Zincblende

6. 2015-10-14 6 Triassic sediments : dolomite Zinc and lead ore : massive-, breccia, impregnation ~ 3% Zn, < 2% Pb Minerals : galena PbS, sphalerite ZnS, marcasite FeS 2 depth : ~ 250m ( 90 - 100m) Thichness ore bodies : cm – several m WATER INFLOW TO MINES 30 m³/min. It is necessary to pump out significant amounts of underground waters

7. 2015-10-14 7 A lithological profile of the deposit area indicates the fact that the Triassic dolomites – shally limestone, are mineralized The deposit is at the depth of 200 – 300 metres. Lead and zinc minerals contain some amounts of Ag, Cd, Tl.

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9. 9 Sulphur underground melting (Frash) hole exploatation

10. 2015-10-14 10 Tertiary limestones : 19-27 % S opencast mining (in the past)

11. 2015-10-14 11 Rock salt in salt dome

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13. 2015-10-14 13 ⇦ Cu 4 salt cyclothems Z1-Z4 located in the roof of copper deposit

14. 2015-10-14 14 Lignite Miocene Opencast

15. 2015-10-14 15 today 1 2 3

16. 2015-10-14 16 Bełchatów lignite deposit Resources ~ 2 mld t are enough for 2032 production 38,5 Mio. t/a overburden100-120 mln m³/r water 190 Mln. t/a Thickness: ~55 m (100 m) Pola górnicze: "Bełchatów", "Szczerców" i "Kamieńsk„ mine field. Power station - 4 320 MW

17. 2015-10-14 17 Cross section Bełchatow. 1 – Sand, 2 – Shale, mud, 3 – Border Q-Tr, 4 – Lignite, 5 – Salt

18. 2015-10-14 18 Landfill reclamation

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20. 2015-10-14 20 Turoszów lignite deposit Thickness : ~52,0m ~12 Mio. T/a Area : ~66 km 2 Overburden : thickness of the coal seam: 2,6 :1 2032-2040

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22. 2015-10-14 22 SIENIAWA underground lignite mine Glacier folded the Coal Seams

23. 2015-10-14 23 Resour ces Calorific value SulphurAsh Coal quality parameters

24. 2015-10-14 24 Hydrocarbons Petroleum and natural gas

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26. 2015-10-14 26 1853 pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz switched on the first oil lamp in a hospital in Lvov (this city is in Ukraine now, till the World War Ist it was in the Galician province of the Austrian- Hungarian Empire)

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33. 2015-10-14 33 Enter to energy security Gazprom

34. 2015-10-14 34 „ Shale belt in Poland „ 37 000 km²,, 12% area

35. 2015-10-14 35 US Department of Energy (2011) estimated shale gas reserves ~22,45 bln m³ (10¹²) 5,3 bln m³ possible Polish Geological Institute PIG – PIB (2014) Estimated reserves 346-768 mld m³ (10 9 )

36. Bituminuos (hard) coal in Poland