1. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 Air quality, ozone and aerosols in Asia. A model study Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen 1,2, Terje K. Berntsen 1,2, Gunnar Myhre 1,2, Ivar S.A. Isaksen 1,2, Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh 3, & Le Hoang Nghiem 3,4 1 Dep of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway 2 CICERO, Oslo, Norway 3 Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand 4 Now at: Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam

2. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● OsloCTM2 model description ● Overview of chemical modules ● Results and discussion; a focus on Asia. Gases and aerosols ● Summary and conclusion Outline

3. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 1°×1° is a very fine resolution for a global model, we approach a spatial scale previously known from regional models. Advantage: avoid noise from boundary conditions. May perform regional AND global studies using the same model runs. OsloCTM2 has the most important gas and aerosol processes included. May study both air quality AND climate issues. What is the main improvement??

4. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Global Chemical Transport Model ●T21 (5,6°×5,6°) to 1°×1° horizontal resolution ● 19, 40 or 60 layers (σ-coordinates) ● Meteorological data from IFS model at ECMWF (“real weather”), updated every 3 hours. Consistent data. ● Transport; Second Order Moments ● Boundary layer mixing; Holtslag et al. (1990) ● Meteorological data for 2004 OsloCTM2 model description

5. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Tropospheric chemistry [● Stratospheric chemistry] ● Sulphur chemistry ● Sea salt ● Nitrate ● Mineral dust ● Organic Carbon / Black Carbon [● Secondary Organic Aerosols (in progress)] Overview of chemical modules

6. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Air quality ● Surface concentrations ● Ozone, NH 4 +, NO 3 -, SO 4 2-, mineral dust ● Harmful, important for public health Results and discussion; a focus on Asia

7. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 31. January 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia ● Tropospheric ozone O 3 : - 51 components included in NO x -HC–O 3 chemistry (QSSA)

8. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● CMAQ-MM5 Bangkok MR 26-29 January24-26 March ● OsloCTM2 Bangkok MR OsloCTM2 vs. CMAQ-MM5: High O 3 in dry season (2004)

9. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 OsloCTM2 vs. EANET: Monthly mean O 3 2004

10. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Ammonium NH 4 + & nitrate NO 3 - : - EQSAM module, thermodynamic package by Metzger et al., JGR (2002) - Fine mode and coarse mode particles -Ammonium first neutralize sulphuric acid ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) - If more ammonia available, ammonium nitrate can form (NH 4 NO 3 ) - Then sea salt may react with HNO 3 (coarse mode)

11. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Ammonium NH 4 + : 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia

12. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Nitrate NO 3 - : 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia

13. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 Comparison with observations

14. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Sulphate SO 4 2- : -Sulphur module from Berglen et al., JGR, (2004) - DMS, SO 2, sulphate, H 2 S & MSA -Sulphur calculated on-line with tropospheric oxidants; SO 2 is oxidized by OH in gas phase, O 3, H 2 O 2, HO 2 NO 2 & metals in aqueous phase.

15. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Sulphate SO 4 2- : 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia

16. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 Comparison with observations

17. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 OsloCTM2 vs. EANET: Annual mean SO 4 2- 2004 (Hanoi not included)

18. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Mineral dust: 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia

19. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● AOD results

20. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● OsloCTM2 in 1°×1° resolution is a fine scale for a global model ● Captures regional phenomena ● Represents well diurnal variation (chemistry and transport) ● Detailed meteorology ● Detailed gas and aerosol schemes. ● Some discrepancies exist, still work to be done (as always) ● Contact:t.f.berglen@geo.uio.no Summary and Conclusion

21. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 Sulphur in OsloCTM2

22. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Tropospheric chemistry: CO Results and discussion, cont’d 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia

23. Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen EACE workshop June 2007 ● Tropospheric chemistry: Ozone 31. July 9 a.m & 9 p.m. GMT; afternoon and late night SE Asia