1. Ch. 4: Human Geography People and Places

2. Ch. 4 Section 1 Objective: Identify essential elements of culture. Objective: Identify essential elements of culture.

3. Culture The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group.

4. Culture Food and Shelter Food and Shelter Religion Religion Relationship to family and others Relationship to family and others Language Language Education Education Security and Protection Security and Protection Political and Social Organization Political and Social Organization Creative Expression Creative Expression

6. Innovation The gold miners wanted clothes that were strong and did not tear easily. In 1853, Leob Strauss started a wholesale business, supplying clothes. Strauss later changed his name from Leob to Levi. Cultural Exchange Diffusion During WWII jeans were introduced to the world by American soldiers, who sometimes wore them when they were off duty. In the 1950's, denim became popular with young people. It was the symbol of the teenage rebel on T.V. and in movies. Some schools banned the wearing of jeans. Acculturation Different styles of jeans were made to match the 60's fashions. In many non-western countries, jeans became a symbol of “western decadence” and were very hard to get. In the summer of '99 Tom Ford's feathered, beaded, beat-up, torn- knee Gucci blue jeans, seen globally, sell out instantaneously at $3715 a pop.

8. There are between 3000 and 6500 different languages spoken in the world today!!! Chinese (937,132,000) Chinese (937,132,000) Spanish (332,000,000) Spanish (332,000,000) English (322,000,000) English (322,000,000) Bengali (189,000,000) Bengali (189,000,000) Hindi/Urdu (182,000,000) Hindi/Urdu (182,000,000) Arabic (174,950,000) Arabic (174,950,000) Portuguese (170,000,000) Portuguese (170,000,000) Russian (170,000,000) Russian (170,000,000) Japanese (125,000,000) Japanese (125,000,000) German (98,000,000) German (98,000,000) French (79,572,000) French (79,572,000)

9. Language Tree

11. Monotheistic 1 God 1 God Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are examples. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are examples.

12. Polytheistic Belief in many Gods. Belief in many Gods. Hinduism and ancient Greek and Egyptian religions are examples. Hinduism and ancient Greek and Egyptian religions are examples.

13. Animistic or Traditional Often a belief in the divine forces of nature. Often a belief in the divine forces of nature.

14. World Religions

16. 16 Major Religions: Commonalities Have a founder or key figure Have a founder or key figure Have scriptures Have scriptures Have rituals Have rituals Have structures for prayer or religious rituals Have structures for prayer or religious rituals Religions have a tendency to splinter Religions have a tendency to splinter Teach a form of the Golden Rule Teach a form of the Golden Rule Value Peace Value Peace

17. Objective: Compare and contrast six major world religions Objective: Compare and contrast six major world religions

18. Hinduism

19. Judaism

20. Buddhism

21. Confucianism

22. Christianity

23. Islam

24. 4 Minute Quick Write How are religions similar? How are religions different? Write in complete sentences, be specific, and elaborate! How are religions similar? How are religions different? Write in complete sentences, be specific, and elaborate!

26. Population Terms Birthrate – live births per 1000 population. Birthrate – live births per 1000 population. Fertility Rate – Average number of children a woman has. Fertility Rate – Average number of children a woman has. Mortality Rate – Number of deaths per 1000 people. Mortality Rate – Number of deaths per 1000 people. Infant Mortality Rate – Number of deaths among infants under age of one per 1000 live births. Infant Mortality Rate – Number of deaths among infants under age of one per 1000 live births.

27. World Mortality Rate

28. Don’t Believe that? Then check this out! Poodwaddle World Clock Poodwaddle World Clock

32. Urban Geography Study of how people use space in a city. Study of how people use space in a city.

33. Key terms The rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result is called urbanization. The rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result is called urbanization. City – Areas with large populations that are centers for business and culture. City – Areas with large populations that are centers for business and culture. Suburbs – Political units touching the central city or another suburb. Suburbs – Political units touching the central city or another suburb. Exurbs – Smaller cities or towns with open land between them and the central city. Exurbs – Smaller cities or towns with open land between them and the central city. Metropolitan Area – When a city, suburbs, and exurbs link together economically. Metropolitan Area – When a city, suburbs, and exurbs link together economically. Megalopolis – When multiple metro areas overlap. Megalopolis – When multiple metro areas overlap.

35. SIM City !!!!! Residential – single family housing and apartments Residential – single family housing and apartments Industrial – where goods are manufactured Industrial – where goods are manufactured Commercial – where finished goods are sold Commercial – where finished goods are sold The core of a city is almost always based on commercial activity. This area of a city is called the central business district (CBD).

38. Objective: Differentiate between political and economic systems and identify varieties of each.

39. State – Independent unit that occupies a territory. Often we use the term “Country” instead of state. Nation – Refers to a group of people with similar culture living within a territory. Nation State – When a nation and a state occupy the same territory. Stateless Nation – When a nation has no territory. Palestinians, Kurds, and Basques are examples.

41. Growing in Number In 1900 there were only 57 countries. In 1900 there were only 57 countries. In 2000 there were 192 countries. In 2000 there were 192 countries. Today there are 196 countries. Today there are 196 countries.

42. What is the largest state / country? Russia with an area over 17 million square km ! That is 1.8 times the size of the U.S..

43. What is the smallest state / country? Vatican City (Holy See) has a area of.44 square km. Vatican City (Holy See) has a area of.44 square km. That is less than 140 acres! That is less than 140 acres! It is also landlocked. That means it is surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea. It is also landlocked. That means it is surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea.

44. There are 196 states. And that number is growing!

45. Why do people need a government?

46. Democracy Citizens hold the power either directly or through elected representation. Citizens hold the power either directly or through elected representation.

47. Monarchy A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share power with citizen bodies. A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share power with citizen bodies.

48. Dictatorship An individual or group holds complete political power. An individual or group holds complete political power. North Korea’s Kim Jong Un Cuba’s Castro Chile’s Pinochet Russia’s Stalin

49. Ch. 4 Section 5

50. Traditional Economy Goods and services are traded without using money. Goods and services are traded without using money.

51. Market Economy Production of goods and services are determined by demand from consumers. Production of goods and services are determined by demand from consumers.

52. Command Economy Production of goods and services is determined by the government. Production does not necessarily reflect consumer demand. Production of goods and services is determined by the government. Production does not necessarily reflect consumer demand.

53. WHO AND WHY? Who makes economic decisions? Who makes economic decisions? Who owns resources? Who owns resources? Who provides goods and services? Who provides goods and services? Why? Why?

54. Either... or... FREE MARKET ECONOMY COMMAND ECONOMY (PLANNED ECONOMY) WHO WHO makes economic decisions? WHY?

55. Either... or... FREE MARKET ECONOMY COMMAND ECONOMY (PLANNED ECONOMY) WHO WHO makes economic decisions The market: -supply and demand - sellers-buyers - producers –consumers The state WHY? -to allow competition and thus make the economy more efficient ↓ -to provide better quality products at lower costs -to redistribute wealth in the country more fairly -to care for public needs

56. Group the following expressions: government interference government interference privately-owned companies privately-owned companies market mechanism market mechanism market reliance market reliance state-owned companies state-owned companies central planners central planners laissez-faire laissez-faire government-run business government-run business central planning system central planning system privately-run companies privately-run companies government intervention government intervention communism communism

57. PLANNED E.vs. MARKET E. government interference government interference state-owned companies state-owned companies central planning central planning government intervention government intervention communism communism market mechanism market mechanism market reliance market reliance privately-owned companies privately-owned companies privately-run companies privately-run companies laissez-faire laissez-faire

58. ... or both... FREE MARKET ECONOMY (FREE ENTERPRISE ECONOMY) COMMAND ECONOMY (PLANNED ECONOMY) MIXED ECONOMY WHO WHO makes economic decisions The market: -supply and demand - sellers-buyers - producers –consumers The state Both the market and the state WHY -to allow competition and make the economy more efficient -to provide better quality products at lower costs -to redistribute wealth in the country more fairly -to care for public needs To benefit from both economic systems

59. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the market economy as opposed to the command economy. FREE MARKET ECONOMY COMMAND ECONOMY (PLANNED ECONOMY) advantages advantages disadvantages

60. “The market has a keen ear for private wants, and a deaf ear for public needs.” (R. Heilbroner)

61. Economic Activities Primary – Gather raw materials - Pick Cotton Primary – Gather raw materials - Pick Cotton Secondary – Manufacture products – Make into textiles Secondary – Manufacture products – Make into textiles Tertiary – Provide services – Salesperson at store Tertiary – Provide services – Salesperson at store Quarternary – Provide info& management – Create disease resistant cotton plant. Quarternary – Provide info& management – Create disease resistant cotton plant.

62. Natural Resources Renewable – Replaced through natural processes. Renewable – Replaced through natural processes.

63. Natural Resources Non- Renewable – Can not be replaced once removed from the ground. Non- Renewable – Can not be replaced once removed from the ground.

64. Natural Resource Inexhaustible Energy Source – Resources, used for producing power, that are the result of solar or planetary processes and are unlimited in quantity. Inexhaustible Energy Source – Resources, used for producing power, that are the result of solar or planetary processes and are unlimited in quantity.

65. Infrastructure Support systems needed to keep an economy going. Support systems needed to keep an economy going. Power lines Water Supply Transportation Routes Sanitation

66. Per Capita Income – Average amount of money earned by a person. GNP – Gross National Product – The value of goods produced by a country, inside or outside of it’s boundaries. GNP – Gross National Product – The value of goods produced by a country, inside or outside of it’s boundaries. GDP – Gross Domestic Product – The value of goods produced within a country’s borders. GDP – Gross Domestic Product – The value of goods produced within a country’s borders.

68. How is what we learned like... a kitchen item?an animal? a food item?a hobby? Democracy, republic, totalitarian system, dictatorship, theocracy, monarchy, free enterprise, traditional economy, communist economy, socialist economy