1. Renesas Electronics America Inc. © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. A11L: 78K0R Low Power MCU Hands-On Lab Bob Proctor Staff Engineer 12 & 13 October 2010Version 1.0

2. 2 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Bob Proctor Staff Applications Engineer in Durham, NC 3-years at Renesas Primary support duties for R8C products Worked with many customers with Low Power and LCD Segment applications BSEE Formerly a Design Engineer in industrial motor control and a distributor FAE

3. 3 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** Solutions for Innovation ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 **Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis).

4. 4 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 **Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). Solutions for Innovation

5. 5 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia  Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process  Video and audio processing on Linux  Server, Industrial & Automotive  Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process  600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby  Medical, Automotive & Industrial  Legacy Cores  Next-generation migration to RX High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Embedded Security  Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process  350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby  Capacitive touch  Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process  190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby  Application-specific integration  Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process  1mA/MHz, 100uA standby  Crypto engine, Hardware security  Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process  500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby  Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display High Performance CPU, Low Power Ultra Low Power General Purpose

6. 6 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia  Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process  Video and audio processing on Linux  Server, Industrial & Automotive  Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process  600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby  Medical, Automotive & Industrial  Legacy Cores  Next-generation migration to RX High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Embedded Security  Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process  350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby  Capacitive touch  Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process  190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby  Application-specific integration  Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process  1mA/MHz, 100uA standby  Crypto engine, Hardware security  Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process  500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby  Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display High Performance CPU, Low Power Ultra Low Power General Purpose 78K ULTRA LOW POWER! Easy to program Low Cost Great IDE The Cube is Suite!

7. 7 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Low Power Innovations

8. 8 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Low Power Solutions Low Power Operation is demanded in all kinds of remote, battery-powered and hand-held applications. The 78K0R microcontroller family offers superior Low power Performance.

9. 9 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda 78K0R MCU overview The 78K0R-KE3L Evaluation Board overview Low Power Lab Techniques Hands-on Lab – 60 minutes Q&A

10. © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 10 78K0R MCU Overview

11. 11 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 78K0R/Kx3 Features Rich peripheral set Serial array unit (up to 6ch SPI/CSI, I2C, UART serial ports) Timer array unit (up to 8ch) Real-time counter (time-of-day updates in HW <1uA current drain) Watchdog timer (windowed function) Clock/buzzer outputs (2ch) Low-Voltage-Indicator (brown-out) circuit Power-On-Clear (well behaved Power-On-RESET) circuit  Reduce system parts count/cost with high flexibility

12. 12 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 78K0R/Kx3 Block Diagram 78K0R 16-bit core 20MHz (13DMIPS) 1.8V - 5.5V -40 to +85C Int. WDT OSC: (30kHz) Internal OSC (1MHz +/-5%, 8MHz +/-1%, 20MHz +/-1%) LVI Low Voltage Indicator 1.91V-4.22V Sub-Clock: (32.768kHz) 10-bit ADC 10–12ch On chip Debug/ Programming POC (Power On Clear) Comparators 2ch Program Gain Amp 5 gain levels Serial Array Unit 3-4ch UART/SPI/I2C 16x16 Multiplier 32/32 Divider Multi-Master I2C 1ch Key Interrupt Clock/Buzzer Output (256Hz – 10MHz) DMA Controller 2ch, 8/16-bit Real-Time Counter: (Clock/Calendar Functions) Timer Array: 8ch, 16-bit Timer Watch Dog Timer 64 pin LQFP, TQFP, FBGA 52 pin LQFP 48 pin LQFP 44 pin LQFP, TQFP Flash 16KB-64KB RAM 1KB-3KB

13. 13 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 78K0R/Kx3 CPU Core Digital Processing 16-bit K0R CPU core Up to 17 DMIPS at 20-MHz clock Most instructions run in a single CPU cycle Complex Instruction Set (CISC) on a RISC-like 3-stage pipeline Full 16-bit arithmetic and logical instruction set High performance and low-power operation Hardware assist 16 x 16 HW multiply in one CPU cycle 32 x 32 HW divide in 16 CPU cycles (compares to some DSPs!) 1- to 15-bit shift instruction in one CPU cycle (similar to barrel-shift instruction on 32-bit V850E/ES family) The K0R CPU core is very efficient for digital processing of real-world analog signals Efficient addressing modes Supports both 64KB and 1MB linear address space, using extension/pre-fix instruction (no bank switching!) RAM and special function registers are efficiently addressed Most efficient use of available flash memory instruction space

14. © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Evaluation Board Overview

15. 15 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. DM-78K0R-KE3L Low Power Kit “EB-USB-DA” USB debug adapter board “EB-78K0R-KE3L” Low Power Demo Board Digital Multimeter

16. 16 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. EB-78K0R-78 Low Power Demo Board Key Features Supports 78K0R/KE3-L and 78K0R/KG3-L devices Standard debug/programming interface Support MINICUBE2 and USB Debug Adapter Board Test terminals for current consumption measurement Measures CPU core current, CPU core + peripheral current, and peripheral current On-board coin cell battery socket for stand-alone operation (on back) On-board clock supply 20MHz and 32.768kHz crystal Simple user interface 2 switches, 2 LEDs and 1 trimmer port Expansion IOs for all device pins

17. 17 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. EB-USB-DA USB Debug Adapter Board Key Features Direct USB connection to PC Renesas uPD78F0730 8-bit USB MCU used Debug and flash programming interface Supports On-Chip Debug and Flash programming Supports three power supply options 5V, 3.3V and Target power supply LED indicators for Power ON, RUN and BREAK modes Selectable debug/programming and normal modes Easy to update debug firmware QBEZUTL utility software is provided Easy to program target device WriteEZ software is provided

18. 18 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Low Power Kit Demo Set Up The Low Power kit comes with a small DMM You will use it to make current measurements When you do this during the lab, follow the directions carefully for the Meter and Jumper settings, in order to get the proper results. The shunt resistor in the meter will create a voltage drop so use the highest amp scale setting as practical.

19. © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Low Power Techniques

20. 20 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Power Use Profiles Active Clocks stay at steady rate Limited Active Clock or peripherals throttled back when not necessary Real Time Clock Core is halted much of the time, but awaken at regular intervals Our lab will use this profile, which allows calculable power consumption Standby Core is halted most of the time, but awaken by an external event

21. 21 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Power Use Profiles For maximum power efficiency: Avoid floating I/O pins. Keep DC loads on for minimum amount of time These include ADC, DAC, Low Voltage Detectors, Comparators, external sensors, radios, etc. Keep digital loads off until needed These include the Core, Timers, Serial peripherals, or anything else that has power in proportion to frequency Use stabilization time to do other things Example: When ADC is becoming active or doing a conversion, do calculations for last conversion

22. 22 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Organize power uses into discrete units Process 1: ADC setup ADC Stabilization time 20us ADC Stabilization Current 200uA Process 2: ADC Sampling ADC Sample time 15 clocks ADC Current 200uA Process average current is the process current, multiplied by the time it operates, divided by the period over which it is repeated. System average current is the sum of each individual process average currents. System peak current is found as the sum of each individual process’ current that run concurrently.

23. 23 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Power transition Diagram

24. 24 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Calculating Average Current Average Current Calculation for periodic systems: Iave = (I1*Time1 + I2*Time2…)/Period The individual times must add up to equal the time period. Example: Wake current is 1mA, for 150ms and standby mode is 3uA for the rest of the time (850ms), repeated every second. Average current = [(1000uA*0.15s) + (3uA*0.85s)]/1s = 152uA Note that we changed units!

25. 25 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Calculating Battery Life Battery Life = Capacity / Load The CR2032 coin cell has a capacity of 230mAH From the previous slide, our load was 152uA average 230mAH / 0.152mA = 1513 Hours 1513 Hours/(24Hours/Day)= 63 Days Again, be careful with the units!

26. 26 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Low Power Lab We will now run the lab, where we will study a sample case. Our sample application is a Data Logger, requires an RTC for periodic wakeup, ADC for data measurement, and SPI for simulating transmitted data to a radio. We will presume our battery voltage is 3V, we will use the 3.3V provided by the Debug Adapter. We have supplied some of the time and current measurements, but will let you measure the rest. Your goal is to setup the system to be most efficient, calculate current consumption, and determine battery life.

27. 27 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Lab Application Block Diagram 78K0R 16-bit core 20MHz (13DMIPS) 1.8V - 5.5V -40 to +85C Int. WDT OSC: (30kHz) Internal OSC (1MHz +/-5%, 8MHz +/-1%, 20MHz +/-1%) LVI Low Voltage Indicator 1.91V-4.22V Sub-Clock: (32.768kHz) 10-bit ADC 10–16ch On chip Debug/ Programming POC (Power On Clear) Comparators 2ch (only 44- to 64-pin) Program Gain Amp (only 44- to 64-pin Serial Array Unit 3-5ch UART/SPI/I2C 16x16 Multiplier 32/32 Divider Multi-Master I2C 1ch Key Interrupt Clock/Buzzer Output (256Hz – 10MHz) DMA Controller 2ch, 8/16-bit Real-Time Counter: (Clock/Calendar Functions) Timer Array Unit 0: 8ch, 16-bit Timer Watch Dog Timer Timer Array Unit 1: 4ch, 16-bit Timer (only for 80-/100-pin) 100 pin LQFP 80 pin LQFP 64 pin LQFP 52 pin LQFP 48 pin LQFP 44 pin LQFP Flash 16KB-128KB RAM 1KB-8KB 2.4GHz radio Sensor Lab Application Example: Wireless Sensor Power supply/ Battery monitor/ management Power supply/ Battery monitor/ management Calendar/ Alarm time (run in HALT mode) Calendar/ Alarm time (run in HALT mode)

28. 28 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Start the Lab Keep your dice turned to the section of the lab you are on. (Instructions are provided in the lab handout) Please refer to the Lab Handout and let’s get started!

29. 29 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Checking Progress We are using the die to keep track of where everyone is in the lab. Make sure to update it as you change sections. When done with the lab, your die will have the 6 pointing up as shown here.

30. 30 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Questions?

31. 31 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Low Power Innovations

32. © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 32 Thank You

33. Renesas Electronics America Inc.