1. Chapter 9: Section 4 Changing Patterns of Life

2. Lesson Questions How has technology changed village life? How has technology changed village life? To what extent has the caste system changed? To what extent has the caste system changed? How is education changing in South Asia? How is education changing in South Asia? What social changes are taking place in South Asia? What social changes are taking place in South Asia?

3. Village Life Modern advances are reaching some of the most remote areas of India Modern advances are reaching some of the most remote areas of India However, some Indian villages have seen little change because about half have electricity and few have running water However, some Indian villages have seen little change because about half have electricity and few have running water Some women still carry water jugs on their heads along dirt roads Some women still carry water jugs on their heads along dirt roads Traditional clothing is also worn Traditional clothing is also worn People still plant crops by hand and guide ox-drawn plows People still plant crops by hand and guide ox-drawn plows People produce goods from home run businesses known as cottage industries People produce goods from home run businesses known as cottage industries

4. Video Clip of Daily South Asian Life

5. Technology and Change A few villagers receive the luxury of electricity and also afford manufactured goods such as telephones or tractors A few villagers receive the luxury of electricity and also afford manufactured goods such as telephones or tractors Roads, buses, movies, and television have put people in touch with a wider world Roads, buses, movies, and television have put people in touch with a wider world Radar dishes are used at richer households to gain access to the news Radar dishes are used at richer households to gain access to the news Due to increased health care the infant mortality rate is down Due to increased health care the infant mortality rate is down In villages, sometimes due to traditional attitudes, male babies have received more nourishment and care than female babies In villages, sometimes due to traditional attitudes, male babies have received more nourishment and care than female babies In cities, males and female are generally treated the same In cities, males and female are generally treated the same

6. Video clip of Modernization in India

7. Modernization and the Caste System India’s government has tried to weaken the caste system India’s government has tried to weaken the caste system People still have deeply rooted attitudes and traditions People still have deeply rooted attitudes and traditions The caste system affects how children are educated The caste system affects how children are educated Higher caste Indians can afford to educate their children. Family connections also allow them to get good jobs. Higher caste Indians can afford to educate their children. Family connections also allow them to get good jobs. Most higher castes dominate professions such as law, engineering, and medicine. Most higher castes dominate professions such as law, engineering, and medicine. Small changes have occurred for untouchables Small changes have occurred for untouchables They can now worship at temples or use the village well They can now worship at temples or use the village well Children of untouchables can attend public school, however they usually sit in a separate part of the class Children of untouchables can attend public school, however they usually sit in a separate part of the class Urbanization has weakened the caste system Urbanization has weakened the caste system City-dwellers do not know the backgrounds of their neighbors and western educated Indians usually reject the social system altogether City-dwellers do not know the backgrounds of their neighbors and western educated Indians usually reject the social system altogether

8. Improving Education in Pakistan

9. Improving education in India Schooling is free up to age 14, but due to traditional social views more males attend school than females Schooling is free up to age 14, but due to traditional social views more males attend school than females 10% of Indians were literate at independence 10% of Indians were literate at independence Today roughly 52% can read and write Today roughly 52% can read and write The future looks optimistic because 82% of elementary-age students are taught. The future looks optimistic because 82% of elementary-age students are taught. The lower the caste the worst the literacy The lower the caste the worst the literacy

10. Themes of Changing family Life Westernization – Bollywood – a nickname of Bombay (Mumbai) because they produce so many films like Hollywood Westernization – Bollywood – a nickname of Bombay (Mumbai) because they produce so many films like Hollywood More women’s rights More women’s rights More nuclear families than extended More nuclear families than extended Urbanization Urbanization Traditional views are challenged Traditional views are challenged

11. Bollywood