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Coding in STM Clues about coding in STM:
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Coding in STM Clues about coding in STM: –# of items stored in STM depends on rate of speech
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Coding in STM Clues about coding in STM: –# of items stored in STM depends on rate of speech –phonological similarity effect: similar sounding words are harder to store/recall than different sounding words
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Coding in STM Clues about coding in STM: –# of items stored in STM depends on rate of speech –phonological similarity effect: similar sounding words are harder to store/recall than different sounding words What does this suggest about the nature of information in STM?
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Coding in STM It seems that information can be stored in a linguistic or phonological form
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Coding in STM It seems that information can be stored in a linguistic or phonological form Must it be stored this way?
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Coding in STM It is also possible to “keep in mind” non- verbal information, such as a map Are there two different STM systems?
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A Modular Approach to STM Allan Baddeley: Articulatory Loop Central Executive Visuospatial Sketchpad In general, how can we know if there are one, two, or more independent systems handling some aspect of perception or cognition?
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Dissociations and Double- Dissociations Indicate that two processes or systems are independent
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Dissociations and Double- Dissociations A dissociation occurs when one process is influenced by changing a variable but another process is not
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Dissociations and Double- Dissociations A dissociation occurs when one process is influenced by changing a variable but another process is not example: break the sparkplugs in your car and examine the effect on a) your engine b) your radio
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Dissociations and Double- Dissociations A dissociation Performance Damage Sparkplugs Engine Radio
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Dissociations and Double- Dissociations A double-dissociation occurs when changing a variable has different effects on two different processes example: break sparkplugs vs break antenna
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Dissociations and Double- Dissociations Performance Damage Sparkplugs Engine Radio Antenna
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Dissociations and Double- Dissociations Performance Damage Sparkplugs Engine Radio Antenna
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Working Memory “Modules” The logic of double-dissociation informs us about working memory modules
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A Modular Approach to STM Allan Baddeley: Articulatory Loop Central Executive Visuospatial Sketchpad The article by Lee Brooks considers a double-dissociation between Phonological and Visuospatial memory representations
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Coding in STM Modular Approach: Working Memory Allan Baddeley - two components of Working Memory Evidence for a modular system: –interference within modalities but not between –example: subvocal counting of letters in a list of words is very hard but subvocal counting of the corners of a figure is easy
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Working Memory “Modules” Lee Brooks: interference between different representations in STM (Experiment 1) –Memory Representation verbal task: categorize words in a sentence spatial task: categorize corners in a block letter –Response Modality verbal response: say “yes” or “no” spatial response: point to “yes” or “no”
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Working Memory “Modules” result: Response Time Response Modality Verbal Spatial Spatial Representation (categorize corners) Verbal Representation (categorize nouns)
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Working Memory “Modules” Interpretation: –supports notion of modularity in Working Memory (visuospatial sketchpad / articulatory loop)
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Next Time: Long-Term Memory Read Loftus for Next Thursday
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