1. Air Pressures for Speech/Voice Lab 3

2. Air Pressure n Pressure= force per unit area acting on a surface n Different units of measurement to suit application (cm H 2 0, pascals, etc.) n U-tube manometer- cm H 2 0 –7 cm H 2 0 of subglottal pressure = indication that the air below the larynx exerts enough force to hold up a column of water 7 cm high n Baken (pg. 298-302)

3. Units of Measurement n cm H 2 0- Centimeters of water n mmHg- Millimeters of mercury n d/cm 2 - Dynes per square centimeter –Gauges, Absolute, Differential

4. Speech Pressures n Subglottal pressure (P s ) n Intraoral pressure (P io ) n Atmospheric pressure (P atm ) n Intrapleural (P pl ) Atmospheric Intraoral Subglottal Intrapleural

5. Instrumentation n Aerophone II –Mask –Pitot tube –Transducer –Pneumotachograph (flow) –Microphone (SPL) –Laryngeal microphone (Pitch) –(Baken pg.308-331)

6. Calibration n Flow head calibration –300 (speech measures) n /papapa/-syllable train n “I hear papa popping popcorn”-Connected speech –1000 (static measures) n Vital capacity n Peak flow

7. Measurement Protocol n Mask placement- Seal n Pitot tube placement n Lip closure n Tasks- /pa pa pa/ or /pi pi pi/ –Intraoral pressure is an estimate of subglottal pressure during voiceless stop n Why voiceless? –Timing of task –Comfortable SPL- practice first

8. Laboratory n Intraoral pressure during consonants: –Use the sample provided in the lab of the normal & 21 year old male stutterer- “tie- dye a zoo suit” –How can you tell if voicing is present? –Duration on bottom –Why is voicing important for measuring pressure? –Plosives vs. fricatives? –Co-articulation effects of pressure

9. Laboratory n Disordered sample –Clipping –Irregular waveforms –High pressure vs. normal pressure

10. Laboratory n Estimating subglottal pressure with aerophone II –measuring P io to estimate P s –Perform /papa/ task –Identify lip opening & lip closure n Flow vs. pressure –Peak pressure –Audio record n release of /p/ and and waveform of /a/

11. Laboratory n Use the samples to measure pressure in comfortable and loud productions n Also calculate your own peak and mean pressure, & SPL,record results