1. CRITICISM “ The stones that critics hurl with harsh intent, a man may use to build a monument.” -Arthur Guiterman

2. LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vvtprqhyoI YOUNG, ______________________ DOGS

3. LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE May also be considered a Developmental disorder Cracks in ____________ ____________________

4. LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE - DX Early - Decreased bone density of epiphysis, sclerosis and thickening of femoral neck Later- ____________ areas in femoral neck End-stage – flattening and extreme deformation of the femoral head, severe osteoarthritis

5. LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE: TREATMENT (SX) FEMORAL HEAD AND NECK EXCISION FHNE

6. LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE Client education – Recovery from surgery takes 3-6 months – Glucosamines and chondroitin sulfate – May be hereditary – ______________________ – With sx – good to excellent prognosis for full recovery – Conservative therapy – alleviate lameness in 2-3 months in 25%

7. DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS: OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS Large breed fast growing dogs Young Large breed fast growing dogs Young

8. NORMAL BONE OCD: Disturbance of ______________________ in long bones that leads to excessive retention of cartilage

9. OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS FAILURE OF THE LOWER LAYERS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE TO MATURE INTO BONE RESULTS IN THICKENED CARTILAGE THAT IS PRONE TO INJURY Disturbance of endochondral ossification that leads to excessive retention of cartilage

10. OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS: cartilage flap with inflammatory joint changes CARTILAGE FLAP OF THE SCAPULOHUMERAL JOINT WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON LOCATION

12. OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

13. CARTILAGE FLAP IN THE STIFLE JOINT (_____________________ : loose cartilage flap)

14. OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bJqjqh5a2A

15. INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS: PANOSTEITIS LARGE, MEDIUM BREEDS AT A YOUNG AGE 6-18 MONTHS CAUSE: UNKNOWN, BUT THERE ARE MANY SUSPECTED CONTRIBUTORS

16. PANOSTEITIS 1.PELVIS 2.LESIONS OF PANOSTEITIS 3.FEMUR INFLAMMATION IN THE _____________ _____________________ OF LONG BONES THAT LEADS TO PAIN, LAMENESS, AND FEVER (Viral?)

17. PANOSTEITIS INCREASED MEDULLARY _____________________

18. PANOSTEITIS TREATMENT OF PANOSTEITIS INCLUDES NSAIDS AND CAGE REST Full recovery ~ 1 year THIS DISEASE IS ____________________ AND HAS A GOOD PROGNOSIS!

19. COXOFEMORAL LUXATIONS HX OF TRAUMA, ACUTE LAMENESS, NON WEIGHT BEARING, POSSIBLE SWELLING OVER THE HIP Stifle rotated: outward Hock: inward CRANIODORSAL LUXATION

20. LUXATIONS _______________LUXATION IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE Stifle rotated: outward Hock: inward

21. Hip Luxation Rx – Closed reduction anesthesia required for proper muscle relaxation – Using traction, rotate and pull head back in place – Open reduction Replace head of femur and suture soft tissue around acetabulum to keep it in place FHO – Either way, bandage in abduction x 2 wk (______________)

22. LUXATIONS

24. DON’T GIVE UP! “Courage doesn’t always roar. Sometimes courage is that quiet voice at the end of the day that says ‘I will try again tomorrow.’

25. TUMORS OF THE BONE MOST COMMON IN LARGE BREED MALE DOGS OLDER THAN 7 YRS OF AGE THE ___________________ IS THE MOST COMMON LOCATION

26. TUMORS OF THE BONE 85%-90% OF BONE CANCER IN DOGS IS OSTEOSARCOMA

27. TUMORS OF THE BONE OSTEOSARCOMA TENDS TO OCCUR AWAY FROM THE ELBOW AND TOWARDS THE KNEE

28. TUMORS OF THE BONE

29. METASTASIS OF OSTEOSARCOMA TO THE LUNGS; THERE IS USUALLY ALREADY SOME MICROSCOPIC SREAD OF TUMOR BY THE TIME IT IS DIAGNOSED

30. TUMORS OF THE BONE ____________ OF THE AFFECTED LIMB ALONG WITH CHEMOTHERAPY IS A COMMON TREATMENT PLAN SURVIVAL TIME IS ~12 MONTHS EVEN WITH AGGRESSIVE THERAPY

31. MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS Immune Mediated ____________________________

32. MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS Biopsy Glucocorticoids

33. MYOPATHIES: MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS (aka atrophic myositis, eosinophilic myositis) Immune mediated (type 2M muscle fibers) CLINICAL SIGNS INCLUDE ELEVATED 3 RD EYELIDS, ATROPHY OF THE JAW MUSCLES (____________, ________________), AND INABILITY TO OPEN THE MOUTH (TRISMUS)

34. MYOPATHIES: FELINE POLYMYOPATHY - Acquired CERVICAL VENTROFLEXION OF THE NECK 2° TO ____________________ (chronic renal disease): neuromuscular weakness

35. Declaw Considered “inhumane” by some people Outlawed in some European countries San Francisco “advises” against it It is an amputation of the _________________ of cat’s toes

36. Declaw Reasons why owners declaw cats – Shredded furniture, drapes – Scratched by cat Procedure – Apply tourniquet to leg – Anesthetize, remove claws – Tight bandages x 3 d – Send home _____________________

37. Dock Tails Also banned in some European countries Done at 2-5 days old No anesthesia 1 stitch