1. Dead Sea Scrolls

3. Qumran

5. Virtual Qumran

7. Essene Theory ● A Jewish sect ( with Pharisees & Saducees) ● Lived communally with long initiation times ● Communal meals ● Concerned with extreme piety and ritual purity (especially bathing) ● Studied scriptures and probably copied them ● Probably hid scrolls in caves in anticipation of Roman destruction of Qumran in 68 CE

9. Jar

10. Cave 4

11. Cave 4 Interior

12. Qumran Artifacts

13. Wooden Comb

15. Plates

16. Sandals

17. Phylactery Cases

19. Qumran's Water System

20. The Scriptorium

21. An Inkwell

22. Scrolls

23. Community Rule (3.5”x8.5”) 1CE Parchment

24. 11Q14 Book of War 1 st c. CE

25. 4Q271 Damascus Document (30-1BCE)

26. Manuscripts Available to Essenes

27. Part of the Hebrew Alphabet 1. Paleo-Hebrew 2. Hasmonaean (125-50 BCE) 3. Herodian (50 BCE-70 CE) 4. Medieval

28. 11Q1 Paleo-Leviticus (1-50 CE)

29. 4Q179 Nahum Commentary (1 st c. CE)

30. 11Q10 Job Targum in Aramaic (30-50 CE)

31. Tetragrammaton

33. 11Q5 Psalms (1-50 CE) 7.3”x28”

34. Closeup of Second “Page” From Right

35. 4Q175 Testimonia (early 1 st c.)

36. 3Q115 Copper Scroll

37. Papyrus (5/6Hev 46 Bar Kokhba) (134 CE)

38. Other Manuscripts Scrolls from Dept of Antiquities of Jordan: ● Testamonia-Biblical Excerpts 4Q175 ● Isaiah Pesher(Commentary) 4Q162 Manuscripts from Russian National Library: ● Pentateuch fragments from about 1000 CE ● Nehemiah fragments 994 CE ● Torah Scroll 9 th century Ethiopic Manuscripts ● Two Psalm books of the 17 th and 18 th centuries

40. St. John's Bible

41. Virtual Qumran

42. Bookstore