1. The Writing Process Step 1: Planning and Prewriting Prewriting Techniques The University of Kansas KU Writing Center

2. The Writing Process Prewrite DraftingRevisingEditingPublishing

3. In prewriting, you will: Explore Ideas Choose a purpose and an audience Gather details Sequence Ideas

4. Also called listing, is a process of generating a lot of information within a short time by building on the association of previous terms you have mentioned. Jot down all the possible terms that emerge from the general topic you are thinking about. Group the items that you have listed according to arrangements that make sense to you. Give each group a label. Now you have a topic with possible points of development. Write a sentence about the label you have given the group of ideas. Now you have a topic sentence or possibly a thesis statement.

5. Subject Idea Detail

6. Outline I.Idea #1 a. Detail b. Example II.Idea #2 a.Detail b.Example

7. Freewrite Just write! Jot down ideas. Write as much as you can for a set period of time. Force yourself to continue writing even if nothing specific comes to mind. Generating ideas is what is important, not the grammar or the spelling. Highlight the most prominent and interesting ideas. Narrow your topic and you will generate several relevant points about the topic.

8. The Writing Process Step 2: Drafting

9. Focus and Coherence Organization Development of Ideas Voice Conventions

10. Focus and Coherence Shows clear relationships between ideas. Rarely shifts from one idea to the next. Sense of completeness Meaningful introduction and conclusion.

11. Organization Flows easily from sentence to sentence, and paragraph to paragraph. Smooth progression of thought. Avoids wordiness and needless repetition.

12. Try it! At first, Maria had no idea what to do for a community service project. Then it came to her. She would volunteer to help first graders. After talking to Ms. Ortiz, the teacher who had taught her to read, they had a plan. Maria would visit Ms. Ortiz’s first grade class once a week on the day her own classes ended early. She would read aloud the books she most enjoyed when she was in first grade. After her very first visit, Maria knew her plan was a success. The first graders pleaded with her to come back soon, and Maria finally felt the thrill of being truly useful!

14. Drafting After prewriting, it is time to start drafting your essay. – Put Ideas Down – Develop a thesis or controlling idea – Structure Ideas in a organized and sustained way

15. Introduction – Grabs reader’s attention – Include thesis statement The Body – Develops main idea – Details and Elaborate – Facts, examples, experiences, stories, personal feelings, quotes Conclusion – Restates thesis – Summarize most important concepts of the paper.

16. Paragraphs should include: Topic Sentence (1 Sentence) – Main Idea of Paragraph Supporting Sentences (2+ Sentences) – Develop Ideas and Detail – Examples, Personal Experience, Facts Concluding Sentence (1 Sentence) – Wrap up ideas

17. ACE Method A – Answer the Question C – Cite Text Evidence E – Explain how the evidence answers the question and expand.

18. TAKS OER Scoring - ACE 3210 Answer Answer makes sense & is a complete sentence Answer makes sense but is not a complete sentence Attempt was made, but answer does not make sense No attempt Cite EVIDENCE Relevant, adequate evidence cited to support answer Relevant but inadequate evidence cited to support answer Irrelevant evidence cited to support answer No attempt Explain/ Expand Explanation is clear and there is an obvious connection to the answer/ citation Explanation was attempted but reasoning or connection is unclear Explanation and/or reasoning are incomprehensible No attempt