1. A Growth Mindset: Motivated Students in Charge of Their Own Learning- How Do We Get There? A Growth Mindset: Motivated Students in Charge of Their Own Learning- How Do We Get There? Amy Miller Coordinator of Advanced and At Risk Learning Supports Coordinator of Advanced and At Risk Learning Supports Oregon School District Greater Dane TAG Network Meeting March 7 th, 2013 Famous Failures Famous Failures Adapted from the Centre for Confidence and Wellbeing Famous FailuresFamous Failures and the Government of Scotland Famous Failures

2. Learning Targets  Understand two types of Mindsets  Understand factors influencing Mindsets  Review how learning impacts brain growth  Learn classroom strategies to support Growth Mindset everyday

3. Is it easy to foster strengths?

4. Prime Minister Winston Churchill REPEATED a grade during elementary school Winston Churchill REPEATED a grade during elementary school He was placed in the LOWEST division of the LOWEST class He was placed in the LOWEST division of the LOWEST class

5. Composer Beethoven’s teacher called him a HOPELESS composer Beethoven’s teacher called him a HOPELESS composer He wrote 5 of his greatest SYMPHONIES while DEAF He wrote 5 of his greatest SYMPHONIES while DEAF

6. Writer Leo Tolstoy dropped out of college He was described as both “UNABLE and unwilling to LEARN" He was described as both “UNABLE and unwilling to LEARN"

7. Role models ….Einstein's teacher said that he was ‘academically subnormal ’ ….Michael Jordan's coach said that he wasn’t more talented than other people … …..Walt Disney was told that he lacked ‘creative imagination’

8. “People are born and made” The “Growth Mindset” The “Growth Mindset”

9. Two mindsets

10. Mindset  Related to your belief about ability  Creates a whole mental world for you to live in  Fixed Mindset – ability cannot change ~40% of Population  Growth Mindset – ability can change (grow) ~ 40% of Population

11. Motivational Framework supporting mindsets GoalsResponsesEffortStrategies

12. Goals: are the things we aim for

13. For Some… Goals = Performance  Those with a FIXED MINDSET tend to create PERFORMANCE goals.  They believe that a person’s POTENTIAL can be MEASURED. They aim to receive validation from others.  Receiving low grades means that they are not smart.  Both success and failure cause ANXIETY.

14. For Others… Goals Measure Learning  Those with a growth mindset tend to create LEARNING goals.  The goal is MASTERY and COMPETENCE.  Scores and grades reflect how people are doing NOW and do not measure a person’s potential.  Creating goals for learning has shown to INCREASE PERFORMANCE and enjoyment and decrease negative emotion.

15. Responses: are how we react to events

16. Response… Helpless When faced with failure or challenge, people with a FIXED mindset:  do not pay attention to learning information  get depressed, become de-energized and lose self-esteem  denigrate their intelligence: ‘I am stupid’  under-represent past successes and over- represent failures (pessimism)

17. Response… Mastery  Pay attention to learning information, and so do better on future tests.  Focus on what they are learning, rather than focusing on how they feel.  Try out new ways of doing things.  Use self-motivating statements such as “The harder it gets the harder I try”.  When faced with tests which are impossible to pass they will factor in other reasons and not blame their intellect i.e. this test was beyond my ability for now.

18. Effort: is it required for success?

19. Effort  Those with a fixed mindset view effort as a reflection of low intelligence.  Hard work means ‘I don’t get it’, ‘I’m unintelligent  Effort = lack of ability  Those with a growth mindset see effort as a necessary part of success.  They try harder when faced with a setback.  Effort = success.  They use effort to overcome difficulty.

21. Effort  People were asked about intelligence and how much they thought it was due to effort and how much they thought it was about ability Intelligence=______% effort _______% ability  Fixed = 35% effort vs. 65% ability  Growth = 65% effort vs. 35% ability

22. Effort: mindset

23. Strategies: how to reach success

24. Strategies Used: Fixed Mindset  Carol Dweck has found that students with a fixed mindset consistently use the wrong strategy when faced with a problem.  Then they disengage from the problem.  Finally, they give up.

25. Strategies: Growth Mindset  People adopting a growth mindset tend to generate other, and new, ways to do things.  If one route doesn’t work they will try others.  They will think ‘outside of the box’ to solve problems because they believe that they ‘can’.

26. Praise  People are very sensitive to the messages they receive about themselves.  The way we interact with students can foster either a growth or a fixed mindset.  Praise for Effort vs. Praise for Ability.  85% of parents thought that praising ability was a good thing to do

27. Praise: Ability

28. Praise: Effort

29. Set of 6 studies of children Praised for Ability/Intelligence Praised for Effort Goals66% of the group created performance goals 90% of the group created learning goals Enjoymentdecreasedcontinued Persistencedecreasedcontinued Performancedeclinedimproved Lied about scores 40%one individual

30. Praise is not a villain

31. Good Feedback is Important  Constructive criticism is necessary if we want people to develop and learn.  Praise is not a villain – praising for the effort and the process will help the person become more motivated and ultimately more resilient.

33. The body in the brain  A homunculus is used to describe the relative amount of space our body parts occupy in the brain.  In a model of motor functions, some parts are much bigger because we use them much more, or with more accuracy.

34.  The more we use a part of our body, the more space our brain needs to control or interpret it.  In fact, by learning the brain may have to change the space it uses to account for new abilities. The body in the brain

35. Evidence from neuroscience  Rats in a rich environment have heavier brains, by 10%, than those in a boring environment.  Taxi drivers have bigger areas which deal with 3D space – the hippocampus - than non-taxi drivers.  Musicians have a larger auditory cortex.

36. How to We Promote a Growth Mindset?  Dweck suggests that we need to teach about the brain and how the brain learns. (ALL AGES)  Praise for strategies, effort and processes rather than for intelligence or ability.  Share positive stories about adults who have succeeded with effort  Have Students write about their growth mindset experiences

37. Third Grade students combining the study of the brain and the study of Metaphors

46. Brainology from Mindset Works  Brainology... Playing Games to Learn About the Brain and Learning Brainology... Playing Games to Learn About the Brain and Learning Brainology... Playing Games to Learn About the Brain and Learning

47. Growth Mindset at Oregon Middle School

49. The New Name for our Classroom The New Name for our Classroom

51.  Our math conferences may be a little different than some student-led conferences. The students will not be sharing perfect work or even their best work. Instead, they will share extremely challenging work. This work is also work that the students self-assess and, for the most part, they were brutally honest. Therefore, you can expect to see some work which has low scores. The beauty of this work is that it represents effort in the face of challenge, hard work and the ability to persevere, and improvement in the ability to express oneself. These are all skills with which Advanced Learners can struggle. When I comment on this type of work, I focus more on the effort and less on the result. Studies show that this type of feedback encourages children to bravely attempt the difficult instead of playing it safe with only those things which one can easily master.  Peggy Koenig Advanced Learning Teacher, Oregon

52. As an educator… What are at least three reasons why it is important to believe that students can develop their abilities?

53. Summary  A growth mindset… –helps students to be motivated –Creates confident students willing to take on challenges. –can be learned at anytime.  Can be fostered by… –The type of feedback we give –Teaching teens about the brain’s huge potential. –Sharing examples of Role Models gives evidence of the growth mindset in action.