1. The Brain, Spinal Cord and Senses

2. The Brain Your brain is the body’s major control center. It enables you to: – Analyze situations, communicate, create, feel and learn. Approximately the size of your two fists together. Approximately 2-3 lbs Uses 20-25% of the body’s energy. Contains over 100 billion neurons

3. Parts of the Brain Cranium surrounds the brain – Protects the brain from injury 3 major parts: 1.Cerebrum 2.Cerebellum 3.Brain Stem Cerebrum Brain Stem Cerebellum

4. The Cerebrum Largest part of the brain Stores memory Responsible for: thinking, communication and learning Split into 2 hemispheres: – Left = Logical Reasoning mathematics – Right = Creativity art

5. The Cerebellum Located in the lower back of your brain Responsible for balance and coordination Latin for “little brain” Cerebellum

6. The Brain Stem Connects the brain and spinal cord Controls involuntary, autonomic, actions: Breathing, blood pressure & heart beat. Made up of 3 smaller structures: – Medulla – Pons – Midbrain Brain Stem

7. Other Brain Structures Hypothalamus – Function: Body Temperature, Emotions, Hunger, Thirst, sleep/wake cycles Thalamus – Function: Sensory Processing, Movement Amygdala – Function: Emotions Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala

8. Spinal Cord Connects the brain to the rest of the body. As thick as a pencil. 43 cm long. Protected by 33 irregularly shaped vertebrae – Protect the spinal cord from injury If cut or damaged, paralysis can occur. – The loss of movement and feeling from the point of damage down.

9. The Spinal Cord Spinal Cord Spinal Nerve Disc Vertebra

10. The Senses 5 Senses: – Smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch Functions: – Connect people with the outside world – Enrich people’s everyday lives and experiences. – Help make people aware of the things around them. Senses give the brain information and the brain turns this into a perception.

11. How Senses Work Sense organs have sensory receptors. – Sensitive to specific types of energy. Sensory receptors change the energy given off by a stimuli into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain. The brain then processes these impulses into a sight, a sound, a taste, a smell, or a touch.

12. The Senses and Energy SenseSense OrganEnergy Detected SightEyesLight Energy HearingEarsMechanical Energy SmellNoseChemical Energy TasteTongueChemical Energy TouchSkinMechanical, Chemical and Thermal Energy Ben Underwood Movie Ben Underwood Movie – 10 min

13. Optical Illusions

17. http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

18. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

21. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

22. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

23. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

24. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

25. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

26. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

28. Optical Illusions

30. http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

31. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

32. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm

33. Optical Illusions http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/illusion/illusions.htm