Download presentation
1
CELLS Unit 4
2
Discovery of Cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek:
Made improvements to the simple microscope in 1648 Saw microscopic critters in pond water 1674
3
Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke
1st person to see cells & identify them – saw cell walls in cork 1665; He gave ‘cells’ their name!
5
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotes Cells
2 Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotes Cells
6
Prokaryotes Ex: All bacteria The cell DOES NOT have a “true” nucleus;
Tend to be smaller than Eukaryotes Not as many organelles as Eukaryotes Ex: All bacteria
7
Eukaryotes The cell HAS a “true” nucleus
Eukaryotes contain organelles which are special structures that perform important cellular functions Ex: All plants, animals, fungi, & protists
8
Similarities and Differences in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Both Eukaryotes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Contain DNA Cytoplasm Ribosomes
10
Cell Organelles 1 Tiny structures inside the cell that perform functions The organelles are to the cell as the organs are to the whole body Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism
11
NUCLEUS The control center of the cell
contains DNA, chromatin, & chromosomes DNA contains coded instructions needed to make proteins Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain genetic material
13
CYTOPLASM Gel-like material in the cell
organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm
14
Ribosomes Makes proteins with the help of RNA and Amino Acids
15
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around the cell Assembly of Lipids Assists with Protein Synthesis Rough ER: contains ribosomes Smooth ER: no ribosomes
16
Mitochondria: makes ATP (energy); found in both plants & animals
“Power-house” of the cell makes ATP (energy); found in both plants & animals Converts food into compounds that the cell uses for growth, development, and movement
17
Chloroplasts: Found only in plants, bacteria, and some protists
Converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy by photosynthesis Found only in plants, bacteria, and some protists
18
Golgi Apparatus Sorts & Packages proteins from the ER
19
Vacuole Stores water, salts, protein, & carbs
Plant cells have a single large vacuole (stores water) Animal cells have many small vacuoles
20
Lysosomes: Contains enzymes to digest waste
21
Cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape
Contains microfilaments & microtubules
22
Cell Wall Provides support and protection for the cell; found in plant cells and bacteria
23
Cell Membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; found in both plant & animal cells Composed of a Lipid bilayer (contains lipids and proteins)
24
Lipid Bilayer Carbohydrate chains Proteins Cell membrane Protein
Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains
25
Animal Cell – rounder shape; no cell wall; no chloroplasts
27
How a school is like a cell
28
Just as the Administrative assistant controls what enters and leaves the school, so the plasma membrane regulates what leaves and enters the cell.
29
Just as the princible directs all operations that go on in the school, so the nucleus and DNA controls all cell activities and what proteins will be made.
30
Just as the school floor holds all the desks and every thing that’s on it, so the cytoplasm is were all the organelles and activities are found.
31
Just as the cafeteria kitchen is the place were the workers do their job making food, so the ER is the place were the ribosomes do their job of assemabling proteins
32
Just as the janitors clean up all the trash around the school and recycles the things that can still be used, so the so the lysosomes break down the cell waste so the different parts can be reused.
33
Just as the support beams, walls, ceilings, floors, bricks, and cement support the school building, so the cytoskeleton supports and maintains the shape of the cell.
34
Just like lunch provides the students with energy to do there work, so the mitochondria are the source of ATP that is used for energy in cell processes.
35
Just as composting breaks down garbage from the students in the school, so the peroxisomes break down hazardous material such as hydrogen peroxide.
36
Just as the storage closets in the classrooms store material, so the smooth ER (edoplasmic reticulum) stores steroids and ions.
37
Just as the teacher directs the students into the auditorium for an assembly, so the necleolous directs the assembly of proteins with in the cell necleus.
38
Just as the buses drive kids to and from school, so the centrosome is were microtubes carry out transportation.
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.