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The Gospels Four pictures of Jesus
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Genre: What Is a Gospel? 1. “gospel” = early Christian preaching
2. “gospel” = written life of Jesus Written like ancient biography Portrays “the essential character of the person” Encourages emulation of the person Has little concern for chronology Includes multiple genres Influenced by Jewish literature “Fictive” (story-like) style of narration Overtly evangelistic (“that you may believe”)
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Types of Material in Gospels
Parables (box 4.3) Figurative stories that convey spiritual truth Miracle stories (box 4.4) Demonstrations of exceptional “power” or “signs” Pronouncement stories (box 4.5) Anecdote that preserves “the memory of something Jesus said” Individual sayings (box 4.6) Passion and resurrection narratives
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The Synoptic Puzzle Synoptic = “seeing together”
Matthew, Luke, and Mark appear to be seeing Jesus together—from a similar view Overlapping material Parallel structures, style, perspectives, and tone Also each have unique material Matthew contains 90% of material in Mark but is twice as long This raises the question: How are these three Gospels related?
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The Synoptic Puzzle (Majority) Two-source Hypothesis
Mark written first Matthew and Luke use Mark as a written source Matthew and Luke use a second (hypothetical) source of Jesus’ sayings = Q Matthew and Luke, independently, used their own oral sources to complement written sources (M and L)
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The Synoptic Puzzle (Minority) Two-Gospel Hypothesis
Matthew wrote first Luke used Matthew Mark later condensed Matthew and Luke into one writing
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