1. CASTOR / GridFTP Emil Knezo PPARC-LCG-Fellow CERN IT-ADC GridPP 7 th Collaboration Meeting, Oxford UK July 1st 2003

2. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN Outline of this talk Introduction to CASTOR HSM CASTOR/GridFTP approach GridFTP problems CASTOR/GridFTP test service Configuration issues Usage examples Plan for CASTOR/GridFTP service

3. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN CASTOR CASTOR Mass Storage System evolved from SHIFT (tape management system of 90s) CASTOR is HSM Today @ CERN: 2066.37 TB of data of 10.51 M files stored in CASTOR CASTOR provides to users: Name space File names are in the form: /castor/domain_name/experiment_name/… for example: /castor/cern.ch/cms/ /castor/domain_name/user/… for example: /castor/cern.ch/user/k/knezo POSIX compliant I/O: RFIO + 64-bits support, streaming mode; - security

4. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN CASTOR current layout NAME server STAGER RFIOD (DISK MOVER) TPDAE MON (PVR) MSGD DISK POOL NAME server RTCOPY CLIENT VDQM server RTCPD VDQM server RFIO Client VOLUME manager RTCPD (TAPE MOVER)

5. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN GridFTP for CASTOR Motivation for GridFTP interface to CASTOR LCG Data-movement protocol to couple different HSM systems of Tier-1 centers Used by Replica Management System Experiments Offer experiments a secure alternative to rfio and FTP Support CMS world-wide production starting in July Mid-July 2003:1TB per day to CASTOR from 12 regional centers February 2004: several TB per day from/to CASTOR Approach for GridFTP interface to CASTOR Modification of external GridFTP server to act as rfio-client to CASTOR Solution already proven for FTP servers Not enough man-power do develop and maintain our own server Development time restriction

6. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN Selected GridFTP server Globus Toolkit GridFTP-1.5 server Based on wu-ftp 2.6.2 Widely used expected good support Supported GridFTP extensions: EBLOCK mode PARALLEL transfer REST STREAM DCAU ERET, ESTO Also supported: Third-party transfer PBSZ, PROT MDTM Not supported GridFTP extensions: STRIPING, SPAS, STOR ABUF, SBUF GridFTP process 2811 DataControl RFIO GridFTP CASTOR stager GridFTP server Tapes

7. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN GridFTP problems Firewalls Bi-directional data transfer in EBLOCK mode Cannot open data-connection – blocked by firewall Firewalls with NAT GSI mutual authentication errorsHSM Data existing in HSM name space are not always readily accessible: Possible disconnection of idle control channel socket by some firewalls Third-party transfer from HSM suffers from data-connection accept timeout at the data- receiving end.Solution Firewall : Do not use firewalls with NAT Do not block data-connections in firewall HSM : Always pre-stage your data in HSM before transfer Currently with CASTOR stagein command; later when available with SRM interface.

8. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN External network connection GridFTP data-connections to/from CASTOR GridFTP server are routed via 1Gb/s High Throughput Access Route (HTAR) GridFTP control-connections are routed via PIX (TCP window size is fixed to 64kB if data-connection goes via PIX). We share 1Gb/s link to GEANT, 622 Mb/s connection to US institutes. Only high # ports connections (data- connections) to/from CASTOR GridFTP server are routed via HTAR Port #s interval currently applicable: Configuration issue router PIX GridFTP server HTAR 1Gb/s 350Mb/s half-duplex 622Mb/s2.5Gb/s GEANTUS-linkDataTAG CERN

9. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN CASTOR/GridFTP test-service Test service in operation from mid-January 2003 Installation based on EDG Globus, rel.24 (January – middle of June) VDT 1.1.8 (since middle of June)Supports All EDG GridFTP clients, globus-url-copy Still on server-code To-Do list 64-bit file support (currently no files > 2GB) CWD, CDUP fails on CASTOR name-space (.. problem). In the meantime, full path is to be used by clients for CASTOR files Internal ls to go fully rfio, at the moment CASTORs nslsclient used Test some GridFTP commands currently not used by supported GridFTP clients (ESTO, ERET) 1Gbit/s (via HTAR since mid-May) 1 Gbit/s GEANT link rfio GridFTP wacdr002d CERN CASTOR GridFTP 622 Mbit/s US link

10. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN Evolution of CASTOR/GridFTP service Set of configurations extended by UID--Stager mapping DNS-load balancing (still to be verified) Stager-response logging Increased data-connection accept timeout (20 min) griftpd Serv_1 Serv_2 griftpd Serv_n … … stageatlas cms001d stagepublic CASTOR UID – stager mapping DNS load-balancing GridFTP via HTAR rfio

11. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN Performance and statistics Performance CERN internal transfer was: 5MB/s in/out; now: 7MB/s in/out Transfer from NIKHEF was 3MB/s in/out; now: not available yet Standard CERN TCP configuration (64kB TCP buffer size) Not via HTAR 10 parallel streamsStatistics Not properly kept Ftp-xferlog file – no file size for outbound traffic GridFTP-xferlog – repeated file-record per every parallel stream of a transfer Example: 2 weeks statistics May 26 – June 9: Transferred 1480 files (1217 inbound, 263 outbound) 627,425 GB stored to CASTOR via GridFTP wacdr002d service Main user: ATLAS gppui04.gridpp.rl.ac.uk, aftpexp.bnl.gov, lscf.nbi.dk

12. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN DN -- User mapping EDG-mechanisms used grid-mapfile with mapping granularity on VO-level Currently un-maintainable to have user-level mapping granularity No dynamic pool accounts; edg-gridmap.conf: group ldap://grid-vo.nikhef.nl/ou=testbed1,o=alice,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orgalice001 group ldap://grid-vo.nikhef.nl/ou=testbed1,o=atlas,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orgatlas001 group ldap://grid-vo.nikhef.nl/ou=tb1users,o=cms,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orgcms001 group ldap://grid-vo.nikhef.nl/ou=tb1users,o=lhcb,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orglhcb001 group ldap://grid-vo.nikhef.nl/ou=tb1users,o=biomedical,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orgbiome001 group ldap://grid-vo.nikhef.nl/ou=tb1users,o=earthob,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orgob001 group ldap://marianne.in2p3.fr/ou=ITeam,o=testbed,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orgiteam001 group ldap://marianne.in2p3.fr/ou=wp6,o=testbed,dc=eu-datagrid,dc=orgwpsix001 Up to VO Admin to create subsets of users (new LDAP URLs) for other UIDs One DN – One User restriction Hard to sell to experiments VOMS should solve the problem VOMS provide based UID mapping VOMS to be tested with CASTOR GridFTP server (configuration issue)

13. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN Umask and usage examples Umask 002 => rw-rw-r permissions on CASTOR Per server umask configuration CASTOR at the moment still requires world-readable files Usage examples Prestage file stagein [-h wacdr002d] -M /castor/cern.ch/atlas/subdirectory/file.name (will be replaced by SRM call) Retrieve file from CASTOR globus-url-copy [-p 10] gsiftp://wacdr002d.cern.ch/castor/cern.ch/atlas/subdirectory/file.name file:///home/knezo/file.name Third party transfer from CASTOR globus-url-copy [-p 10] gsiftp://wacdr002d.cern.ch/castor/cern.ch/atlas/subdirectory/file.name gsiftp://spider.usatlas.bnl.gov/usatlas/workarea/knezo/file.name Directory listing edg-gridftp-ls –verbose gsiftp://wacdr002d.cern.ch/castor/cern.ch/atlas/

14. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN Plan for CASTOR/GridFTP service One year horizon Support for CMS world-wide production This is now High Priority Task Performance challenge for server Requires TCP-tuning, likely dedicated stager, maybe NAPI DNS load-balanced cluster of GridFTP servers Sufficient for users with no strict throughput requirements for the coming year (ATLAS, LHCB, EDG) Service To-Do list Performance tuning DNS-load balancing configuration tests Prepare user & admin documentation, plus rpms Shown interest from external institutes: INFN, IFAE, IFIC Integrate with CERN monitoring, plus scripts to create server usage statistics Still to improve logging Synchronisation on package upgrades with EDG VOMS to improve DN–User mapping Beyond one year Need to understand what the Globus GridFTP server evolution will be.

15. 1/7/2003CASTOR & GridFTP / Emil Knezo CERN Conclusions GridFTP interface to CASTOR already exists Ready to use service requires to solve: Configuration issues Performance issues Admin issues CASTOR/GridFTP service has potential to satisfy CASTOR users for a year