1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Modified by J. Kalinowski 9/2004 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Cells Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

2. What to Accomplish Today 1. Fill in pages 1-2 of notes using Cell ppt on Unit 3 portion of webpage 2. On a sheet of NB paper – list all the terms /structures that you need to know from these pages 3. Look over the info given & ask yourself what type of info is given about each term. 4. Think about what kind of graphic organization strategy you would put it into: foldable, chart, Venn diagram, etc.

3. Introduction to Cells and Tissues Slide 3.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life  Cells are the building blocks of all living things  Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function  Disorders can happen due to a problem with a cell organelle and its function

4. Anatomy of the Cell Slide 3.2 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cells are not all the same  All cells share general structures  Cells are organized into three main regions  Nucleus  Cytoplasm  Plasma membrane Figure 3.1a

5. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 1, 2

6. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 3

7. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 4, 5

8. Cell Diversity Slide 3.19d Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.7; 6, 7

9. Plasma Membrane – Begin notes Slide 3.7a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Maintains the boundaries of the cell - Barrier for cell contents  Phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins  Impermeable to water soluble substances  Permeable to lipid soluble substances

10. Plasma Membrane Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic Polar head and non polar tails make phospholipids self orienting in body fluids Very important for membrane construction and repair to happen correctly

11. Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Stabilizes bilayer by immobilizing phospholipids

12. Peripheral Proteins Enzymes that act as catalysts for reactions Peripheral proteins Stuck on membrane surface or on other proteins and act as binding sites for hormones or chemical messengers (these act as enzymes mentioned earlier) Add to notes: Can also have mechanical functions Changing cell shape Example:Muscle contraction

13. Integral Proteins Proteins that extend through the width of the membrane (transmembrane) Known as INTEGRAL proteins have transport functions Can cluster to form pores/channels through which water, small water soluble molecules & ions can pass Act as carriers that bind to a molecule & help it move through

14. Glycoproteins Glycoproteins (sugar-proteins) Branching sugar groups attached to a protein Examples: Determine blood type Act in cell recognition (MHC) Receptors for toxins, viruses, bacteria

15. Plasma/Cell Membrane

16. Membrane Specializations

17. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Microvilli  Define:Finger-like projections  Function:increase surface area for nutrient absorption/waste exchange  Location:Found on surface of absorptive cells such as small intestine & kidney tubules Figure 3.3

18. Microvilli

19. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Tight Junctions ( zonula occludens)  Form impermeable junctions to prevent passage of molecules  Imp: prevent free passage of molecules  Example: lining of digestive tract  Imp: digestive enzymes & bacteria kept away from cells Figure 3.3

20. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Desmosomes  Function:Form mechanical junction or adhesion layers  Imp: prevent separation of tissues due to mechanical stress  Examples: skin, heart muscle, neck of uterus Figure 3.3

21. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Gap junctions  Provide for direct passage of chemical substances between adjacent cells Figure 3.3

22. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Gap junctions  Cells are connected by Connexons: hollow cylinders (transmembrane) / integral  Important  Allowing direct passage of molecules,etc. Figure 3.3

23. Plasma Membrane Specializations Slide 3.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Gap junctions  Importance: allowing smooth synchronization due to ion passage  Found in electrically excitable tissues (heart, smooth muscle, embryonic) Figure 3.3

25. Membrane Transport Terminology Use your textbook to complete 5 terms in your notes

26. EXOCYTOSIS Bulk transport of substances OUT of the cell Examples: Producing proteins to secrete to surroundings: Digestive enzymes in stomach, saliva, insulin, sweat Excreting waste from cell to blood Golgi apparatus aids in secretion & storage then exocytosis excretes them from cell to where ever they are needed

27. Active Transport - exocytosis Slide 3.29b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.11

28. ENDOCYTOSIS Bulk transport of material INTO cell Material is engulfed to form a vacuole – it does not ever go through the membrane Vacuole can then join with a lysosome so it can digest the food

29. Active Transport -endocytosis Slide 3.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.12

30. Tonicity Tonicity compares the concentrations of the water molecules on the inside and outside of the cell (osmosis is movement of H2O) The terms can also be used to describe the concentrations of what is dissolved in the water IMPORTANT INFO: Just remember: All Substances ALWAYSmove from high to low concentration in passive processes (No ATP)

31. ISOTONIC Concentration of water molecules is EQUAL on both sides of membrane Pressure on membrane is equal from both sides so no net water motion

32. HYPERTONIC ( have a higher solute and lower water concentration than the cells do) in other words, water concentration will be more concentrated inside of the cell than outside the cell SO: Pressure on the inside of the membrane causes water to move OUT of the cell Problem: the cell will CRENATE aka. shrivel up

33. Crenation Crenate: blood cells are shriveling because water is leaving They are dehydrating

34. HYPOTONIC ( have a lower solute and higher water concentration than the cells do) in other words, water concentration will be less concentrated inside of the cell than outside the cell SO: Pressure on the outside of the membrane causes water to move INTO the cell Problem: the cell will LYSE aka. rupture

35. Hypotonic Notice RBC is very plump No dent in center

36. osmosis#Osmosis#Osmosis#Osmosis

37. READ page 69 & study it. You need to understand tonicity and the results of the different solutions on our cells.