1. Immune System & Disease Chapter 31

2. Germ Theory In the 1850’s Pasteur proposed the Germ Theory Specific microorganisms cause disease  Types of pathogens that cause disease.  Bacteria  Viruses  Fungi- occur in warm damp areas  Protozoa  Parasites

3. How are Bacteria and Viruses Different?

4. Bacteria The Prokaryotes Reproduce by Binary Fission Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

5. Helpful Bacteria in Nature  Decomposers  Nitrogen cycle  Industry  Food- yogurt!

6. Harmful Bacteria Cause disease by RReleasing toxins into the body DDirectly break down tissue of organism for food

7. Viruses Latin for Poison Not living Require a host cell to reproduce!! Consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

8. Viral Infection Virus enters host cell Host cell produce viral DNA Host cell bursts

9. Retroviruses  Viruses that have RNA as their genetic material  HIV leads to AID’s HIV kills our Helper T cells

10. Common Viruses  Flu  Chicken Pox  Warts  Mono  Rabies

11. TreatmentTreatment Antibiotics Vaccination Antibiotics Vaccination Bacteria Viruse s Immunity from vaccination can be temporary or permanent

12. How our Bodies defend against pathogenic organisms Nonspecific vs. specific defenses

13. Nonspecific Defense SSkin- the most important! OOil and sweat create an acidic environment MMucus, saliva, sweat, tears, contain lysosomes that break down bacterial cell walls IInflammatory response- fever and swelling

14. Types of Immunity Body mounts an active response to the pathogen The development of antibodies in response to stimulation by an antigen Produced by vaccination or getting the disease B ody mounts an active response to the pathogen T he development of antibodies in response to stimulation by an antigen P roduced by vaccination or getting the disease Temporary immunity A mother provides passive immunity to her baby in her uterus and after birth by breastfeeding T emporary immunity A mother provides passive immunity to her baby in her uterus and after birth by breastfeeding Active Passive

15. Specific Defense The Antibody Antigen Reaction An antigen triggers an immune system response Antigens are specific for each pathogen Lymphocytes produce antibodies. Once formed the antibodies are held in memory B cells (lymphocytes) so that the body has permanent immunity to that disease An antigen triggers an immune system response Antigens are specific for each pathogen Lymphocytes produce antibodies. Once formed the antibodies are held in memory B cells (lymphocytes) so that the body has permanent immunity to that disease

16. Antibodies help kill the intruder by: 1. Binding to antigens on surface of microbes 2. Clustering antigens together