1. Viruses -are nonliving pathogen -pathogen is anything that causes a disease. -Why is it classified as being nonliving? 1. not made up of cells 2. has no organelles 3. has no metabolism

2. Viruses use living cells as host: -uses the host cell to make more viruses -can not function outside the host cell Viruses do have: -their own copy of DNA or RNA but LACKS its own cytoplasm or ribosomes so it can not do anything with its own the DNA.

3. Domain? -none because it is not living Kingdom? -once again none because it is not living.

4. General structure of a virus: 1. DNA or RNA 2. Protein Coat/capsule surrounding the genetic material. Capsules have specific shaped “receptor sites” which attach only on to a specific type of cell.

5. a. Tobacco plants b. Digestive system (#1 cause of diarrhea) c. Respiratory system d. Bacteria

6. Rabies…..nerve cells Measles….skin cells HIV……white blood cells

7. 19–2 Viruses Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. Viruses cause: -Common colds -Chicken pox -Measles -AIDS -Warts -Cold sores -Flu

11. Two types of Viral Infections: 1. Virulent Viruses: -causes illnesses immediately -Ex/ flu and common cold

12. 2. Temperate Virus -does not cause disease immediately but exist inside host for weeks, months or even years. -EX/ AIDS, Warts, Cold sores

13. Control of viruses within our bodies: Our own defense system Our bodies 1 st line of defense: - Skin -pathogen must enter through an opening.

14. Our bodies 2 nd line of defense: -White blood cells (WBC’s) -WBC’s leave blood stream and travel to the site of infection. -WBC’s engulf the pathogen. Recipe for pus?????

15. Our bodies 3 rd line of defense: -Antibodies -Proteins made by WBC’s -Very specific/memory cells -For each foreign body that enters your body, your WBC’s makes a specific antibody to destroy it. -Remain in your body and can be used at anytime.

16. Chicken pox Measles Example: Get the measles or chicken pox once, you build up antibodies which will protect you for life from getting them again.

17. Vaccine: -injection of a weakened form of a virus -stimulates body to make antibodies -stays in body and destroys virus if it enters

18. Booster shot: -revaccination to “boost” your immunity.