1. InGOS – an integrating activity preparing for improved Greenhouse Gases monitoring over Europe Ingeborg Levin, Samuel Hammer, Dominik Schmithüsen, Ute Karstens, Frank Meinhardt, Martina Schmidt, Peter Bergamaschi, Sanam Vardag and Alex Vermeulen

2. Topics discussed today Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe Harmonisation of current and future non-CO 2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Quality Control Travelling instrument comparisons (N 2 O, CH 4, 222 Radon etc.) 222 Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

3. Continuous CH 4 observations in Europe that started before 2000 1994 1993 1996 1991 Voyekovo: 1998 1996

4. Continuous N 2 O observations in Europe that started before 2005 1994 2004 1996 2001 Pallas: 2004 2001

5. N 2 O mole fractions over Europe: average of May 2007 from TM5 N 2 O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height)

6. N 2 O mole fractions over Europe: Synoptic variations from TM5 N 2 O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height)

7. N 2 O mole fractions over Europe: average of May 2007 from TM5 N 2 O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height) → WMO/GAW interlaboratory compatibility target for N 2 O = ±0.1 ppb

8. Topics discussed today Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe Harmonisation of non-CO 2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control Travelling instrument comparisons (N 2 O, CH 4, 222 Radon etc.) 222 Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

9. Continuous N 2 O observations at Schauinsland station before and after correction 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 before after

10. Error assessment Measurement errors: –repeatability ∆ repeat –reproducibility ∆ reprod –lab-internal scale consistency ∆ sc_consist –calibration and non-linearity ∆ cal_non_lin Sampling errors: –artifacts from pumps –problems with air drying –leaks in the sampling line –…–…

11. Error estimates: CH 4 in Heidelberg from target gas from working standard from target gas

12. Error assessment Measurement errors: –repeatability ∆ repeat –reproducibility ∆ reprod –lab-internal scale consistency ∆ sc_consist –calibration and non-linearity ∆ cal_non_lin Systematic error Statistical error Each error will be reported separately

13. Topics discussed today Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe Harmonisation of non-CO 2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control Travelling instrument comparisons (N 2 O, CH 4, 222 Radon etc.) 222 Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

14. Harmonisation of future continuous GHG observations Introduction of Quality Assurance measures –Measurement guidelines –Central Analytical Lab for working standard production and calibration –Monitoring of instrument parameters –…–… Introduction of comprehensive quality control measures –Target/Surveillance tanks –Flask – in situ comparisons –Round-Robin comparison –Comparison with „Travelling Instrumentation“

15. Topics discussed today Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe Harmonisation of non-CO 2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control Travelling instrument comparisons (N 2 O, CH 4, 222 Radon etc.) 222 Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

16. FTIR spectrometer as travelling comparison instrument (TCI) at Mace Head for N 2 O

17. N 2 O comparison at Mace Head (March – April 2013) Reason for the difference: Mainly errors in scale transfer to Working Gases

18. N 2 O mole fractions over Europe: average of May 2007 from TM5 N 2 O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height)

19. Topics discussed today Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe Harmonisation of non-CO 2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control Travelling instrument comparisons (N 2 O, CH 4, 222 Radon etc.) 222 Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

20. Development of a 222 Radon flux map Basic input parameters: - 226 Radium content of soils - Diffusion model based on soil texture and moisture - Soil moisture based on Climate Land Surface models January July

21. Development of a 222 Radon flux map: validation with flux observations (multi-annual months repeated) using Noah soil moist. using ERA-I/L soil moist. Measurements using Noah soil moist. using ERA-I/L soil moist. Measurements Measurements:Binningen: Szegvary et al. (2006) M5 Nussloch: Jutzi (2001) Gebesee: Schell (2004) Pallas: Lallo et al. (2009) Soil moisture reanalysis:GLDAS Noah LSM ERA-Interim/Land

22. First comparison of atmospheric 222 Radon: Model estimates vs. observations Measurements provided by A. Vermeulen, ECN (Cabauw) and M. Schmidt, LSCE (Gif) TM5 transport model simulations provided by E. Koffi and P. Bergamaschi, JRC

23. Summary A set of corrected atmospheric CH 4, N 2 O and H 2 observations will soon be available for European flux inversions A first attempt is made to also determine and report uncertainty of these observations The Travelling Comparison Instrument approach was shown to be successful, also for N 2 O (besides CO 2 and CH 4 ) A new process-based 222 Radon soil flux map was developed as input for validation of atmospheric transport models

24. Thank you, and the European Commission’s for supporting these activities