1. Dioxins & PCBs: Environmental Levels and Human Exposure in Candidate Countries Anke Joas 2/3 Feb 2004 Bratislava ELICC Consortium: Environmental Levels in Candidate Countries BiPRO Beratungsgesellschaft für integrierte Problemlösungen

2. chart 2 BiPRO Background for Commission Activities Community strategy for Dioxins, Furans and PCBs (COM(2001)593) which aims to reduce the presence of dioxins and PCBs in the environment and in food and feed to reduce the human exposure and body burden Framework: European Dioxin Emission Inventory (stage I and II) (1997 and 2000) Preparatory Actions in the field of Dioxins and PCBs (2001) Dioxins and other POPs in by-products, recylates and wastes and their potential to enter the food chain (stage I and II) (2000 and 2002) Recent projects: For more information see: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/dioxin/index.htm

3. chart 3 BiPRO Background for Commission Activities in Accession Countries Council Conclusion of 12 December 2001 which supports the Community Strategy and which stresses the need to involve Accession Countries Enlarged Framework: Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries (termination: end 2004) Dioxins and PCBs: Environmental Levels and Human Exposure in Candidate Countries (termination: March 2004) Current projects:

4. chart 4 BiPRO Objectivies of the ongoing project Expert Laboratories Storing Destruction Overview on available data Data / Knowledge Gaps Knowledge exchange / Capacity building Environmental contamination Human exposure Monitoring Research Legislation Aggregation Analysis Comparison Integral Assessment

5. chart 5 BiPRO Methods for information collection Internet researchScientific contactsProject homepage Questionnaire Ministries of Agriculture Ministries of Health Ministries of Environment

6. chart 6 BiPRO Homepage for Communication & knowledge exchange Information on the project background and its objectives Information on project results Information exchange platform Events Contact Links HomeProject resultsDiscussion forumEventsContactLinks Environment levelsReportingHuman exposureLegal aspectsMonitoringCapacitiesOther aspects Regularly up-dated with results (after approval by the Commission) www.eu-pops.org

7. chart 7 BiPRO Structure: Bi-directional Approach Detailed information on specific topics Contamination Monitoring Capacity Legislation Plannings Time trends Local specifities Congeners Other Comparative overview for all countries

8. chart 8 BiPRO Monitoring/Research related to PCDD/Fs PCDD/Fs : Aircountrywide system in CZ; sporadic measurements SK, PL Waterrare localised sporadic measurements in CZ, PL Sedimentsonly data from CZ and PL Soilsmeasurements in CZ, PL, HU, SK, (EST) Vegetation data rom CZ, (SLO) Wildlifemeasurements in CZ, EST, LV, RO, (SK) Foodmonitoring in CZ, SK, M, (SLO) Feed? Total dietCZ, (SK) Human milkmonitoring in BG, CZ, EST, HU, LT, RO, PL, SK Adipose tissueCZ BloodSK

9. chart 9 BiPRO Monitoring/Research related to PCBs PCBs : Airmonitoring in CZ, some data from SK, EST, LV, PL, Waterregular monitoring in at least 6 out of 13 countries Sedimentssystematic monitoring in main water courses in at least 8 countries Soilsmeasurements started in most countries in the framework of GEF projects Vegetation data rom CZ, (SLO) Wildlifefish and wild game included in food monitoring programmes; fresh water fish in CZ, (SK, RO) Foodmonitoring in almost all countries Feed? Total dietCZ, SK, HU Human milkmonitoring in BG, CZ, EST, HU, LT, RO, PL, SK Adipose tissueCZ, PL, SK, HU, TR BloodSK, PL, CZ, LV, SLO, RO

10. chart 10 BiPRO Priorities of Monitoring & Research soil sediments food human milk fish water adip. tissue blood air veg. relative amount of information

11. chart 11 BiPRO Differences in Food Monitoring Meat Meat Product GameFish Fish Product Milk Milk Product Others Drinking Water Different approaches based on nationally identified needs Extensive / sophisticated monitoring Standard monitoring of main animal food groups Focussed monitoring of selected indicator foods Monitoring of imported food only Focussed monitoring of food from contaminated locations Different grouping of food items (meat products/fish products)

12. chart 12 BiPRO Differences in Monitoring & Research Activities Extended monitoring programmes in environmental compartments & related human exposure Monitoring in specific compartments/ selected research projects recent start of activities in the framework of GEF projects e.g. CZ, SK e.g. EST, LT, CY e.g. TR, M, RO

13. chart 13 BiPRO Environmental Levels: Time trend for PCBs in Rivers – Poland Mean annual concentrations of the sum of PCBs (  g/l) in the Oder and Vistula rivers between 1992-2001 (data from the State Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Poland) YearVistulaOder KrakowWarszawaKiezmarkChalupkiWroclaw 19920,02750,00780,00750,00180,0014 19930,01380,01030,00720,00370,0039 19940,02340,0125-0,00790,0080 19950,01290,00900,00110,01710,0097 19960,01340,00990,0184-0,0080 19970,01370,01100,00880,00400,0114 19980,01120,01380,0088-0,0096 19990,01270,0136--0,0198 20000,01700,0141-0,00150,0158 20010,00780,0082-0,00980,0157 Mean0,01530,01100,00860,00650,0103

14. chart 14 BiPRO Environmental Levels: dioxinlike PCBs in River Ecosystems – Poland

15. chart 15 BiPRO Contamination Sources / "hot spots" Industrial emissions uncontrolled burning at dumping sites domestic burning soil, sediment at historic production sites and former military camps transformer & capacitors contaminated oil stocks Current knowledge:  emission estimates  stock inventories future needs:  measurements at suspected sites / major rivers / representative food items / human indicator mediums

16. chart 16 BiPRO Legislation: Implementation of EU Directives  2000/76/EC (incineration of waste)  1996/59/EC (disposal of PCBs/PTCs)  1976/769/EEC (marketing and use)  1996/61/EC (pollution prevention IPPC)  2000/60/EC (water framework)  2001/1002/EC (animal nutrition)  2001/2375/EC (maximum levels in food) emission limits transposed partly problems with safe disposal and time limit for complete depletion transposed; refilling not always forbidden partly problems in meeting time limits transposed no information only in some countries already implemented 4

17. chart 17 BiPRO Variations in national limit values for PCBs – Food Meat200 – 3000 ng / g lipid Milk100 – 1500 ng / g lipid Eggs200 – 500 ng / g lipid Fish100 – 3000 ng / g lipid Animal Fat500 ng / g lipid

18. chart 18 BiPRO Laboratory and destruction capacity 0 0 0 0 (1) 1 1 1 3 5 1 0 0 Dioxin Labs Destruction Capacity PCB Labs Country 00Malta 02Cyprus 00Turkey 0?Bulgaria ?(10)Romania 04Slovenia 8Hungary planned?Slovakia ( )~ 30 Czech Republic ( )~ 30Poland 02Lithuania 02Latvia 03Estonia

19. chart 19 BiPRO Analysis of available Contamination data (Impact factors) Data - Pool Age of sample species Years Type of sample Number of samples Location of samples Analysis method laboratory standard (reference level) Number/Type of congeners poor highly inhomogeneous data need for harmonisation and filling of gaps limited possibilities for comparison

20. chart 20 BiPRO Major data and knowledge gaps  lack of data or severely restricted number of data in the majority of countries  special lack of dioxin data  small number of samples  different analytical methods and quality standards  different number of analysed congeners  different temporal (year) and spatial (location) characteristics of data  poor availability of data

21. chart 21 BiPRO Consequences for integral assessment Best sources for comparison: International studies with identical analysing laboratory e.g. WHO – Exposure study on the levels of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in human milk (2 nd & 3 rd round) JRC – study on PCDD/Fs and PCBs in butter samples from the European Accession Countries Studies comprising more than one country Studies with analysis in reference laboratory meeting EU quality standards

22. chart 22 BiPRO WHO Human milk

23. chart 23 BiPRO Annual average atmospheric concentrations of PCBs (sum of seven) from four European sites 1996-2001

24. chart 24 BiPRO Baltic herring age group 2-3 () number of samples PCDD/F [pg TEQ/fresh weight) Sweden Latvia Estonia

25. chart 25 BiPRO Knowledge exchange & Capacity building  Programmes in the framework of the European Union: PHARE/ Twinning, ISPA, LIFE  Programmes in the framework of WHO: GEF funded projects to meet teh obligations under the Stockholm Convention WHO human milk study GEMS-Food-EURO  Regional Co-operations, international Conventions and Databases: Baltic Environmental Forum (BEF), DANCEE HELCOM, BARCOM (Medpol) EIONET, EUROWATERNET, EMEP, etc.  Reports, Websites: Dioxins and PCBs: Environmental Levels and Human Exposure in Candidate Countries Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries

26. chart 26 BiPRO Conclusions I Capacity building International convention European Databases Achievements NEAP, NIP, NEMP Expert network Legislative Framework

27. chart 27 BiPRO Conclusions II Measurements to close data gaps Deficites Accessibility of data Harmonisation of sampling & analysis standards Emission reduction/ destruction/ remediation Educational measures for awareness rising