1. Classification

2. Binomial Nomenclature
Grizzly bear
Ursus arctos
Polar bear
Ursus maritimus
Giant panda
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Do Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus belong to the same species? To the same genus?

3. Linnaeus’s classification system
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

4. Binomial Nomenclature
Grizzly bear
Ursus arctos
Polar bear
Ursus maritimus
Giant panda
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Do Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus belong to the same species? To the same genus?

5. Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification

6. Classifying organisms using dichotomous keys (field guide)
A device that can be used to easily identify an unknown organism. 
consists of a series of two part statements (describe characteristic of organisms). 
At each step the user is presented with two choices. 
As the user makes a choice about a particular characteristic of an organism they are led to a new branch of the key.  Eventually the user will be led to the name of the organism that they are trying to identify.

7. Constructing Dichotomous Keys
Take a look at the group of objects and separate them into two groups based on a single distinguishing characteristic.
Then continue to separate each of the groups until each object has its own separate set of characteristics.  

10. Cladogram
Classification based on phylogeny
Organisms share traits
Have recent common ancestor
Share Evolutionary history
Classification based on
visible similarities
Cladogram is a diagram that shows evolutionary relationship among group of organisms.
Cladistic analysis identifies and considers only those characteristics of organism that are evolutionary innovation-new characters that arise as lineage evolve over time.
Characteristics that appear in recent part of lineage but not in its older members are called derived characteristics. They are used to construct cladogram.

11. Changing number of kingdoms

12. Six Kingdom Classification

13. BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYOTA Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

14. Classification of living things
Domain
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Archae
bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Cell type
prokaryote
Eukaryote
Cell wall
Structure
Cell with peptidoglycan
Cell without peptidoglycan
Cell wall of cellulose in some, some have chloroplast
Cell wall of chitin
Cell wall of cellulose, chloroplast
No cell wall or chloroplast
Number of cells
Unicellular
Most unicellular. Some multicellular
Most multicellular. Some unicellular
Multicellular
Mode of nutrition
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Example
Streptococcus E. Coli
Cyanobacteria(blue green algae)
Extremeophiles
Methanogens, Halophiles
Protozoa, Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Mushroom, yeasts
Mosses, Ferns, flowering plants
Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals

15. BACTERIA-Eubacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular
Cell wall with peptidoglycan
Ecologically diverse
Autotroph / Heterotroph
E.g.Streptococcus, E.coli, Cyanobacteria

16. ARCHAEA-Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Cell wall without peptidoglycan
Autotroph/Heterotroph
Most live in very harsh climates
and extreme environments - extremophiles
E.g. Methanogens,Halophiles,Thermoacidophiles

17. EUKARYOTA-Protista Eukaryotic Unicellular, some are multicellular
Autotroph/Heterotroph
Some have cell wall with cellulose
Some have chloroplast
E.g.Amoeba, Paramecium, Slime mold

18. EUKARYOTA-Fungi Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotroph
Cell wall of chitin
Mycelium : a mass of hyphae, No root, stem and leaf
Reproduce by forming spores
No chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic
E.g.Mushroom, Yeast

19. EUKARYOTA-Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotroph Chloroplast
Cell wall of cellulose
Can be divided into two groups:
Non-flowering plants (e.g. algae, moss, fern, gymnosperms
Flowering plants (e.g. angiosperms)

20. EUKARYOTA-Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotroph
No Cell wall, No chloroplast
Divided into two groups
according to the presence or absence of backbone:
Invertebrates : without backbone
Vertebrates : with backbone