1. Presidential Illness

2. William Henry Harrison

3. Zachary Taylor

4. Grover Cleveland

5. Woodrow Wilson

6. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

7. George H.W. and George W. Bush

8. King George III (6/4/1738-1/29/1820)

9. The Madness of King George III First signs of dementia in 1788- 1789 Institutionalized at Windsor Castle from 1811-1820

10. Porphyria Caused by a dominant allele that alters the shape of the porphyrin ring in hemoglobin Symptoms include insanity, extreme photosensitivity, itchy skin and dark urine

11. How Do We Know King George Had Porphyria (and not Arsenic Poisoning?)

14. Why Are Royal Families Useful For Genetic Research?

15. Mdekwanton

16. Mdekwanton Geneology All members of the Mdekwanton tribe (Lakota Sioux Nation) receive tax free income due to their ancestry Must prove you are at least 25% Mdekwanton by blood

17. Pedigree Analyses Diagrams that demonstrate possible modes of inheritance for various traits through careful organization of demographic and phenotypic data

18. (i.e. person in question)

20. How Can Pedigree Diagrams Be Used To Determine The Mode of Inheritance For A Given Trait?

21. Four Modes of Inheritance

22. Autosomal Dominant 75% of traits are governed by autosomal dominant inheritance As long as one dominant allele is received, the phenotype will be dominant

23. Pedigree Characteristics of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Trait is found in all generations Equal sex-distribution among males and females

24. Example: Huntington’s Chorea

25. Huntington’s Chorea Effects

27. Autosomal Recessive Both copies of the recessive allele must be received to express the recessive phenotype

29. Tay Sachs Disease Recessive allele causes buildup of a fatty material called GM2 to build up around nerve cells, inhibiting their function Fatal by age 5 No cure First noted by red spot in back of retina

30. Tay Sachs Inheritance

31. Non-Autosomal/Sex-Linked Dominant Inheritance Traits must be carried on either the X or Y chromosome

32. Pedigree Characteristics of Sex-Linked Dominant Inheritance Present In Every Generation Less frequent in males due to pleiotropy Affected fathers must have affected daughters (if x-linked)

33. Non-Autosomal/Sex-Linked Recessive Inheritance Trait is located on X or Y chromosome Trait may be masked by dominant allele if X chromosomes appear as homologous pair (i.e. female)

34. Pedigree Characteristics of Sex-Linked Recessive Inheritance Skipping of generations One sex unequally represented in phenotypic outcomes

35. Hemophilia & The Royal Houses of Europe