1. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference

2.  Light energy – Sunlight  Thermal energy – Hot pavement – Changing temperature gradient  Mechanical energy – Stress (Strain) – Vibration

3. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference Foundation  Photovoltaic technology – Light energy – Solar panel The solar road in Oregon (ODOT) Conceptual model of the Solar Roadway (Solar Roadway™) Solar panel Transparent surface

4. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Thermoelectric technology – Efficiency<1%/K Typicl temperature profile in asphalt pavement in California (UCPRC) Thermoelectric module Heat source Heat sink Δ T N P - - + + + + + + - - - -

5. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Direct heat transfer – Japan Hokkaido University M. Hasebel (2006) – USA WPI (The Worcester Polytechnic Institute) Rajib B. Mallick (2009) Cool water Thermoelectric modules Heat collection tube Pavement Pump  Cool fluid Tank Heat collection tube Pavement Solar pump  Hot water Solar heating element

6. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Direct heat transfer – Netherland Road Energy System R (2004) – Ooms Nederland Holding – WTH Vloerverwarming – and TipSpit Cold water Aquifer AC Hot water

7. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Piezoelectric technology – Israel Innowattech (2008) Potential energy – 1 lane, 1 km, >600 v/h – Maximum 250 kW – China Tongji Univeristy – Have the concept since 2008 – Pilot project » 2010~2012 » Funded by NSFC Conceptual model of the IPEG TM system (Innowattech)

8. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Piezoelectric effects – Stress  Electric Charge - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + Original status E E Polarizing After polarizing Absorbing free charge F F - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + Piezoelectric effects

9. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Piezoelectric effects – Stress  Electric Charge  Piezoelectric Material – PZT (one of piezoelectric ceramic) – PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) – MFC (macro-fiber composite) – ……

10. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Piezoelectric transducers – Multilayer PZT – Bimorph – Cymbal – THUNDER – RAINBOW – Moonie PZT

11. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Mechanical energy of pavement – Stress – Vibration

12. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Stress caused – Cymbal – Design parameters PZT performance Cymbal size Cymbal fatigue Cymbal stiffness End cap performance – FEA simulation p=0.7 MPa, d c =32mm, t p =2mm Electric potential : 57.44 V Electric energy: 0.02 mJ Electric power at f=50Hz: 1.0 mW Electrical potential

13. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Initial lab test – Cymbal array d=10 mm – Maximum voltage 254 V @ 20HZ 0.7MPa LED

14. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Vibration caused – Bimorph based cantilever – Design parameters PZT performance Vibration Frequency Cantilever Fatigue Fix end Mass Bimorph AC

15. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Pavement vibration – Truck at 60km/h – CHA, Wenhua (2007)  Initial bimorph design – Frequency=65Hz M =3 g l=50 mm B=10 mm h=0.8 mm

16. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Piezoelectric generator – Light the lights – Cool or heat the pavement – Contribute to public using Are those only we can do?

17. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  Piezoelectric generators = Sensors – Measure traffic wander – Monitor pavement crack – Extend pavement life Cool temperature in Summer Warm temperature in Winter Low energy contribute to fatigue – Self-repairing pavement in future??

18. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference  What’s the cost?  What’s the efficiency?  How to storage the harvested energy?  How long is the life?  ……

19. 2010 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference