1. Francisco Franco aka El Caudillo (The Leader) And the causes and effects of the Spanish Civil War

3. Background of Franco  Born December 4th, 1892  Family was conservative upper-middle class, Roman Catholic  Entered military academy at age 14 and continued his military career throughout his life  Married with one daughter  Stationed in Morocco and in 1923 becomes a national hero for ending the Moroccan revolt  Born December 4th, 1892  Family was conservative upper-middle class, Roman Catholic  Entered military academy at age 14 and continued his military career throughout his life  Married with one daughter  Stationed in Morocco and in 1923 becomes a national hero for ending the Moroccan revolt

5. The Beginnings of the Civil War  1931-The Spanish monarchy falls when King Alfonso XIII abdicates and goes into exile. The monarchy had been weak for some time, but was kept in power by a military dictatorship.  Different groups within Spain fight for control, meanwhile the country falls into economic depression with the rest of the world.  By 1936, the leftist party (The Popular Front) have won control of the government.  1931-The Spanish monarchy falls when King Alfonso XIII abdicates and goes into exile. The monarchy had been weak for some time, but was kept in power by a military dictatorship.  Different groups within Spain fight for control, meanwhile the country falls into economic depression with the rest of the world.  By 1936, the leftist party (The Popular Front) have won control of the government.

6. A Quick Guide to the “Parties”  Republicans: This group had the support of the Soviet Union and Mexico. Also called Loyalists, The Popular Front, The Government and Reds (by their enemies)  Nationalists: This group had the support of Italy, Germany and Portugal. These were the “rebels” lead by Franco. Basis of the party were the ideas of the Falange  Republicans: This group had the support of the Soviet Union and Mexico. Also called Loyalists, The Popular Front, The Government and Reds (by their enemies)  Nationalists: This group had the support of Italy, Germany and Portugal. These were the “rebels” lead by Franco. Basis of the party were the ideas of the Falange

7. War Begins  Nationalists plot to overthrow the government, Franco decides to join the rebellion.  The civil war begins when military rebellion is announced.  The far right party, Falange, looks to Hitler and Mussolini for support.  The Civil War lasts around 3 years, during that time, Franco sets up a joint German-Italian staff and unites the Nationalists.  The Catholic Church supports the Nationalists and Gerneralisimo Franco.  Nationalists plot to overthrow the government, Franco decides to join the rebellion.  The civil war begins when military rebellion is announced.  The far right party, Falange, looks to Hitler and Mussolini for support.  The Civil War lasts around 3 years, during that time, Franco sets up a joint German-Italian staff and unites the Nationalists.  The Catholic Church supports the Nationalists and Gerneralisimo Franco.

8. The Horror of War  One of the most notorious actions of the war-the bombing of the Guernica in 1937  Guernica was targeted because it was the cultural capital of the Basque people-who had been a source of resistance against the Nationalists.  25 German bombers dropped 100,000 pounds of explosives on the town along with machine gun fire.  70% of the town was destroyed and 1,600 people were killed (about 1/3 of the population)  One of the most notorious actions of the war-the bombing of the Guernica in 1937  Guernica was targeted because it was the cultural capital of the Basque people-who had been a source of resistance against the Nationalists.  25 German bombers dropped 100,000 pounds of explosives on the town along with machine gun fire.  70% of the town was destroyed and 1,600 people were killed (about 1/3 of the population)

10. The End of War  The war ends on April 1st, 1939 when the city of Madrid is captured.  Franco seizes control of the government and marshall law is declared until 1948.  Spain is in ruin after the war; war debt, 500,000 people dead and the infrastructure is destroyed.  The war ends on April 1st, 1939 when the city of Madrid is captured.  Franco seizes control of the government and marshall law is declared until 1948.  Spain is in ruin after the war; war debt, 500,000 people dead and the infrastructure is destroyed.

19. Spain After the Civil War  Franco still “allied” ideologically with Hitler and Mussolini.  Spain is more or less neutral in WWII- mostly due to the fact that Spain does not have the military power or money to contribute.  Franco is seen as an anti-communist ally to the United States after WWII.  Franco still “allied” ideologically with Hitler and Mussolini.  Spain is more or less neutral in WWII- mostly due to the fact that Spain does not have the military power or money to contribute.  Franco is seen as an anti-communist ally to the United States after WWII.

21. Importance of the Civil War Outside of Spain  Several things come into play:  Spain is seen as a “rehearsal” for WWII.  Nazis practice using their weaponry-case in point would be the fire bombings at Guernica.  This Civil War becomes a symbol of the growing world wide struggle between fascism and democracy.  Several things come into play:  Spain is seen as a “rehearsal” for WWII.  Nazis practice using their weaponry-case in point would be the fire bombings at Guernica.  This Civil War becomes a symbol of the growing world wide struggle between fascism and democracy.

22. Spain After the Civil War  In 1947, the monarchy is reinstated with Franco as head of the government.  Franco resigns control of the government in 1973 and dies on Nov. 20th, 1975  In 1947, the monarchy is reinstated with Franco as head of the government.  Franco resigns control of the government in 1973 and dies on Nov. 20th, 1975

23. Legacy of Franco  Some in Spain feel Franco did a lot of good for the country, the majority feel that Franco’s regime was not so great.  Repression of political opponents was common in the Franco regime-up to 100,000 may have been shot without a trial.  The world saw Franco as cooperative-Spain was admitted to the UN in 1955 and was on friendly terms with the United States.  Today a democratic Spain chooses to look to the future and not the past-many crimes committed are still unknown.  Some in Spain feel Franco did a lot of good for the country, the majority feel that Franco’s regime was not so great.  Repression of political opponents was common in the Franco regime-up to 100,000 may have been shot without a trial.  The world saw Franco as cooperative-Spain was admitted to the UN in 1955 and was on friendly terms with the United States.  Today a democratic Spain chooses to look to the future and not the past-many crimes committed are still unknown.

24. Your Assignments:  Country Profile #2: Spain  All (eventually three) country profiles will be due on Wed. Dec. 17th.  The Franco Years: 1936-1975  Economic Aspects  Political Aspects  Social/Cultural Aspects  You must have 15-20 examples for each of the above categories  These are exactly the same expectations as for Country Profile #1: Italy  Country Profile #2: Spain  All (eventually three) country profiles will be due on Wed. Dec. 17th.  The Franco Years: 1936-1975  Economic Aspects  Political Aspects  Social/Cultural Aspects  You must have 15-20 examples for each of the above categories  These are exactly the same expectations as for Country Profile #1: Italy

25. Your Assignments Continued…  Compare and Contrast Worksheet:  Using the template provided/fill out completely as you compare and contrast Hitler and Franco.  Both charts; Stalin/Mussolini and Hitler/Franco will be checked for credit on Mon. Dec. 8th.  Compare and Contrast Worksheet:  Using the template provided/fill out completely as you compare and contrast Hitler and Franco.  Both charts; Stalin/Mussolini and Hitler/Franco will be checked for credit on Mon. Dec. 8th.