1. Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Chapter 5 Behavioral Theories of Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ISBN: 0-205-37338-0 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003

2. Organizing Questions   What Is Learning?   What Behavioral Learning Theories Have Evolved?

3. Organizing Questions   What Are Some Principles of Behavioral Learning?   How Has Social Learning Theory Contributed to our Understanding of Human Learning?

4. What is Learning?   Experience   Intentional   Unintentional   Stimuli

5. Classical Conditioning Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned StimulusUnconditioned Response Conditioned StimulusConditioned Response causes an when paired with an becomes a Unconditioned Stimulus which causes a

6. Classical Conditioning: An Example Loud noise (UCS)Startle (UCR) Presentation (NS)Loud noise (UCS) Presentation (CS)Startle/Fear (CR) causes a when paired with a becomes awhich causes a

7. The Law of Effect Actions that are followed by favorable consequences are more likely to be repeated than actions followed by unfavorable consequences.

8. Operant Conditioning   The Use of Pleasant and Unpleasant Consequences to Control Behavior   Reinforcing Consequences Increase the Likelihood a Behavior Will Be Repeated.   Punishing Consequences Decrease the Likelihood a Behavior Will Be Repeated.

9. Role of Consequences: Reinforcement   Primary Reinforcement   Secondary Reinforcement

10. Reinforcement Examples  Primary Reinforcer  Food  Water  Praise  Secondary Reinforcer  Money  High Grades

11. Reinforcement   Positive Reinforcement   Negative Reinforcement

12. Reinforcement Examples   Positive Reinforcement   A Gold Star for an Assignment Well Completed   Encouragement for Effort   Negative Reinforcement   Not Having to Re-Write a Well-Written Paper   Recess Starting on Time Once All Students Are Seated Quietly

13. Role of Consequences: Reinforcement  Premack Principle

14. Reinforcement Examples   Premack Principle “If you clean up your room before your cousins arrive, we’ll go to the movies when they get here.”

15. Reinforcement   Intrinsic Reinforcement   Extrinsic Reinforcement

16. Reinforcement Examples   Intrinsic Reinforcers   Playing the Violin for Its Own Sake   Reading a Good Book for the Pleasure of Reading   Extrinsic Reinforcers   Doing Algebra Homework to Avoid Getting a Bad Grade   Receiving Praise for Writing a Strong Essay

17. Punishment   Presentation Punishment   Removal Punishment

18. Punishment Examples   Presentation Punishment   Scolding a Student for Talking during a Lesson   An “F” for a Poorly Written Essay   Removal Punishment   Removal of Freedom to be with Friends with Detention   Grounding an Adolescent for Breaking Curfew

19. Immediacy of Consequences   Immediate versus Delayed Consequences   Clarifies the Connection between Behavior and Consequence   Increases the Informational Value of Feedback

20. Shaping  Reinforcing Successive Approximations of a Desired Outcome  Applications for the Classroom

21. Extinction   The Weakening and Eventual Elimination of a Learned Behavior with Removal of Reinforcement.   Extinction Burst   Consequences for Classroom Management

22. Schedules of Reinforcement   Fixed Ratio   Variable Ratio   Fixed Interval   Variable Interval

23. Maintenance   Natural Reinforcers   Intrinsic Reinforcers   Resistance to Extinction

24. Role of Antecedents   Cueing   Discrimination   Generalization   Techniques for Increasing Generalization

25. Social Learning Theory   Modeling   Phases of Observational Learning   Attentional Phase   Retention Phase   Reproduction Phase   Motivational Phase

26. Social Learning Theory   Vicarious Learning   Self-Regulated Learning

27. Social Learning Theory: Meichenbaum   Self-Regulated Learning (Cognitive Behavior Modification)   Self-Reinforcement

28. Strengths and Limitations of Behavioral Learning Theories   Firmly Established Basic Principles   Limited Scope   Social Learning Theory as Bridge between Behavioral and Cognitive Theories

29. End of Chapter 5