1. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Developing Learning Objects: Practice Developing Learning Objects: Practice 1

2. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Learning theories  behavioral  cognitive  constructivist Learning theories  behavioral  cognitive  constructivist 2

3. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Behavioral learning  influenced externally  demonstrated by observed behavior Behavioral learning  influenced externally  demonstrated by observed behavior 3

4. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Behavioral instructors  help students form associations  provide reinforcement ▪ positive ▪ negative Behavioral instructors  help students form associations  provide reinforcement ▪ positive ▪ negative 4

5. Developing Learning Objects: Practice AreaApplication learning definition change in the probability of a behavior occurring instructional design create the learning environment learning object role state objectives; guide behavior; arrange reinforcement; manage external contingencies Applying Behavioral Learning Theory 5

6. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Cognitive learning  internally changed memory  demonstrated by recall Cognitive learning  internally changed memory  demonstrated by recall 6

7. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Cognitive instructors  link new information to old  design “seven + two” activities  facilitate transfer  make organizing schemes explicit Cognitive instructors  link new information to old  design “seven + two” activities  facilitate transfer  make organizing schemes explicit 7

8. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Applying Cognitive Learning Theory AreaApplication learning definition change in knowledge stored in memory instructional design create problem-solving and structured search activities learning object role organize new information; link new information to old; arrange conditions to support memory 8

9. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Constructivist learning  internally changed meaning  demonstrated by practice Constructivist learning  internally changed meaning  demonstrated by practice 9

10. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Constructivist instructors  start with narrative  provide reflection opportunities Constructivist instructors  start with narrative  provide reflection opportunities 10

11. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Applying Constructivist Learning Theory AreaApplication learning definition change in meaning constructed from experience instructional design peer interaction and building on known concepts learning object role present models of realistic problems to solve; provide group learning opportunities 11

12. Developing Learning Objects: Practice TheoryControl behavioralinstructor cognitiveindividual constructivistgroup 12

13. Developing Learning Objects: Practice 13 Adapted from Ertmer and Newby: Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism

14. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Constructivist learning object challenges  multiple contexts  community interaction Constructivist learning object challenges  multiple contexts  community interaction 14

15. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Social learning  derived from culture  results from problem-solving  internalized through language  demonstrated by interaction ▪ zone of proximal development (ZPD) ▪ informal social networks Social learning  derived from culture  results from problem-solving  internalized through language  demonstrated by interaction ▪ zone of proximal development (ZPD) ▪ informal social networks 15

16. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Brain-based learning  dual processor  logic + pattern  attention + peripheral perception  rote or spatial  demonstrated via ▪ immersion ▪ challenges ▪ analysis and customization Brain-based learning  dual processor  logic + pattern  attention + peripheral perception  rote or spatial  demonstrated via ▪ immersion ▪ challenges ▪ analysis and customization 16

17. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Decisions, decisions  level of context  cognitive level  assessment and communication Good practices  narrative & metaphor  manageable chunks (seven + two)  model answers Decisions, decisions  level of context  cognitive level  assessment and communication Good practices  narrative & metaphor  manageable chunks (seven + two)  model answers 17

18. Developing Learning Objects: Practice Exercise: Practice design Exercise: Practice design 18

19. This presentation was developed by Liz Glowa and Michael Anderson and was edited by William Hawk, June Weis, and Lisa Johnson. Development of this resource was funded by the members of the SREB Sharable Content Object Repositories for Education (SCORE) initiative.