1. Energy Sources – Coal Caleb Low(16) Bryan Ng(17) Nguyen Vu Khang(18) Zhang Chen(25) Zhong Yi(20)

2. How it energy is produced from coal Here is a diagram of a coal plant in Scherer, Georgia, to illustrate how coal produces electricity.

3. How it energy is produced from coal The coal is grinded to powder, which increases the surface area and allows it to burn more quickly.

4. How it energy is produced from coal The coal is then blown into the combustion chamber of a boiler where it is burnt at high temperature. The heat energy produced converts water into steam.

5. How it energy is produced from coal The high pressure steam is passed into a turbine containing propeller-like blades. The steam pushes these blades causing the turbine shaft to rotate.

6. How it energy is produced from coal A generator is mounted at one end of the turbine shaft and consists of carefully wound wire coils. Electricity is generated when these are rapidly rotated in a strong magnetic field.

7. How it energy is produced from coal The electricity generated is transformed into the higher voltages to be used for economical uses and efficient transmission via power line grids.

8. How it energy is produced from coal When it nears our homes, the electricity is transformed down to the safer voltage systems used in homes.

9. How it energy is produced from coal After passing through the turbine, the steam is condenses and returns to the boiler to be heated again.

10. Contribution to world fuel consumption (2012)

11. Changes in coal consumption over the years

12. Advantages Coal energy is an affordable energy source because of the coal’s stable price compared to other fuel sources Coal is easy to burn Coal produces high energy upon combustion Coal energy is inexpensive Coal is abundant Coal energy is a reliable energy source

13. Disadvantages Coal-fired power plants cause nearly 24,000 premature deaths annually in the United States, including 2,800 from lung cancer. Annual health costs in Europe from use of coal to generate electricity are $55 billion. Generation of hundreds of millions of tons of waste products, including fly ash, bottom ash, and heavy metals Acid rain from high sulphur coal

14. Disadvantages Interference with groundwater due to mining Contamination of land and waterways and destruction of homes from fly ash spills. such as the Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill Impact of water use on flows of rivers and consequential impact on other land uses. Release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, causes climate change and global warming. Coal is the largest contributor to the human-made increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.

15. Disadvantages Coal energy is non-renewable energy source Coal is fast depleting because we consume too much of it

16. Case Study: Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill It was the largest fly ash release in United States history. An ash dike ruptured at an 84-acre (0.34 km2) solid waste containment area at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant in Roane County, Tennessee, USA. 1.1 billion US gallons (4,200,000 m3) of coal fly ash slurry was released. The coal-fired power plant, located across the Clinch River from the city of Kingston, uses ponds to dewater the fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, which is then stored in wet form in dredge cells.

17. Case Study: Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill The slurry (a mixture of fly ash and water) travelled across the Emory River and its Swan Pond embayment, on to the opposite shore, covering up to 300 acres (1.2 km2) of the surrounding land, damaging homes and flowing up and down stream in nearby waterways such as the Emory River and Clinch River (tributaries of the Tennessee River).

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19. Thank You