2. Earth Science Review

3. Earth Science Categories Resources Earth Clues W-E-D 1 W-E-D 2 Misc.Grab Bag $100 $200 $300 $400 $500

4. Resources $100 What is the main requirement for a resource to be considered renewable? List examples of renewable resources.

5. Resources $100 Renewable resources can be replaced in a SHORT amount of time Examples: Soil, animals, water, oxygen, CO2, plants, wind, sun, ocean tides

6. Resources $200 What is the main requirement for a resource to be considered nonrenwable? List examples of nonrenewable resources.

7. Resources $200 Nonrenewable resources take a LONG time to be replaced (more than a lifetime to millions of years) Examples: rocks, minerals, fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), gold, diamonds, gems

8. Resources $300 Name & describe all 5 renewable/alternative resources that generate energy.

9. Resources $300 1.Geothermal (geo=Earth; thermal=heat) – energy generated from heat preserved within the Earth’s crust (remember – we only dig into the crust – we can not dig as far as the mantle) 2.Hydroelectric (hydro=water) – energy generated from the force of water in rivers, dams, & ocean tides 3.Wind – energy generated from windmills on wind farms 4.Biofuel (bio=life) – energy generated from decayed plants & animals 5.Solar – collecting the sun’s energy in solar panels

10. Resources $400 What are some of the pros/cons for using renewable resources to generate energy?

11. Resources $400 Pros: can be replenished in a short amount of time & keeps us from using all of Earth’s fossil fuels Cons: not all of them are clean for Earth (burning biofuels can cause pollution); most need special equipment to change the resource into energy we can use (can be very expensive)

12. Resources for $500 How are all fossil fuels formed? List examples.

13. Resources for $500 Fossil fuels come from buried dead/decayed organisms changed by increased heat & pressure from rock layers (takes longer than a lifetime to MILLIONS of years to form) **If FF don’t have enough heat, pressure, & time then they won’t form** Examples: Coal Petroleum/Oil Natural Gas

14. Earth’s Clues $100 How are sedimentary rocks formed?

15. Earth’s Clues for $100 Sedimentary rocks are formed in LAYERS of sand, minerals, and shells.

16. Earth’s Clues for $200 The pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to answer? A How well each material mixes with garden soil B How well each mixture holds water C How well each material supports plants D How well each mixture keeps its texture when wet

17. Earth’s Clues for $200

18. Earth’s Clues for $300 Four soil samples of equal volume were put in funnels with filter paper. 200 mL of water was added to each sample and the water that flowed out the bottom of the funnel was collected and measured. What can you determine about the soil samples from the data? ASoil sample R retained the most water. BSoil sample T was the driest soil. CSoil sample Q has more organic matter. DSoil sample S was about half sand.

19. Four soil samples of equal volume were put in funnels with filter paper. 200 mL of water was added to each sample and the water that flowed out the bottom of the funnel was collected and measured. What can you determine about the soil samples from the data? ASoil sample R retained the most water. (Retained = kept water in soil – it has the smallest # so Soil R kept in the most water) BSoil sample T was the driest soil. CSoil sample Q has more organic matter. DSoil sample S was about half sand. Earth’s Clues for $300

20. Earth’s Clues for $400 Why would these layers settle like this?

21. Layers settle in water based on the density of the material. Silt would be the least dense & the small rocks would be the most dense according to this picture. Earth’s Clues for $400

22. Earth’s Clues for $500 What information can be learned from looking at the illustration above? ARings that are closer proves when the tree had very little rain BRings that are farther apart proves when the tree received a lot of rain CThis tree is over 15 years old DAll of the above

23. What information can be learned from looking at the illustration above? ARings that are closer proves when the tree had very little rain BRings that are farther apart proves when the tree received a lot of rain CThis tree is over 15 years old DAll of the above Earth’s Clues for $500

24. W-E-D 1 for $100 Define weathering & how long does it usually take?

25. W-E-D 1 for $100 Weathering is the BREAKDOWN of the materials in Earth’s crust into smaller pieces (weathering leads to formation of new soil). **Weathering down of landforms usually takes a very LONG time (hundreds to millions of years)

26. W-E-D 1 for $200 Define erosion & list the 4 causes of erosion.

27. W-E-D 1 for $200 Erosion is the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity MOVES fragments of rock and soil

28. W-E-D 1 for $300 Define deposition & list examples.

29. W-E-D 1 for $300 Deposition is the process by which sediments (small particles of rock) are laid down in NEW locations. Ex: deltas & sand dunes

30. W-E-D 1 for $400 What would probably be the cause of change for this beach?

31. W-E-D 1 for $400 The waves erode (move) sand/dirt little by little back into the ocean

32. W-E-D 1 for $500 What could be the best way to document changes to Earth over time efficiently?

33. W-E-D 1 for $500 Take lots of pictures over MANY, MANY years!

34. W-E-D 2 for $100 These rocks keep on getting smoother with time. Why?

35. W-E-D 2 for $100 The river the rocks are in is smoothing out the rocks (river is weathering down the rocks)

36. W-E-D 2 for $200 What probably caused this arch found in a desert to be shaped like this?

37. W-E-D 2 for $200 The weathering & erosion of wind

38. W-E-D 2 for $300 Where a river meets an ocean – sediments are deposited. What is this landform called?

39. W-E-D 2 for $300 DELTA – remember…deltas are due to the deposition (building up) of sediments in a new location

40. W-E-D 2 for $400 What is this glacier creating?

41. W-E-D 2 for $400 The glacier is carving out a glacial valley between mountains

42. W-E-D 2 for $500 How can this sand dune continue to grow?

43. W-E-D 2 for $500 Sand dunes grow by wind depositing/settling sand particles

44. Misc. for $100 What would most likely cause this cliff to change like this?

45. Misc. for $100 The weathering down of rock by wind, water, ice, plant roots, and/or gravity.

46. Misc. for $200 Are all glaciers only white? Why or why not?

47. Misc. for $200 NO, most glaciers are actually brownish/white because as they’re moving they are picking up tiny sediments from the ground underneath. Those sediments get stuck in the glaciers so glaciers become less white with time.

48. Misc. for $300 How do canyons continue to get deeper?

49. Misc. for $300 Canyons get deeper due to the river flowing through it. The river breaks/weathers down rock and then carries/erodes the sediments away.

50. Misc. for $400 The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils? A Layer 2 B Layer 4 C Layer 1 D Layer 3

51. Misc. for $400 The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils? A Layer 2 B Layer 4 C Layer 1 D Layer 3

52. Misc. for $500 A river delta is an area where sediments are deposited. The sediments in the river delta shown most likely come from the— A mountain range B desert C ocean floor D coastline

53. Misc. for $500 A river delta is an area where sediments are deposited. The sediments in the river delta shown most likely come from the— A mountain range B desert C ocean floor D coastline

54. Grab Bag for $100 What are some of the clues that fossils can provide for us about the past?

55. Grab Bag for $100 Fossil clues: -what kind of environment used to be there (desert, ocean, or forest) -what kind of animals used to live there -the climate in that area (based on the kinds of animal fossils there) -what kind of food animals ate in that area (based on the shape of their teeth)

56. Grab Bag for $200 List some of Earth’s events that may change Earth very FAST.

57. Grab Bag for $200 Can change Earth fast: -volcanoes -earthquakes -rock slides -landslides

58. Grab Bag for $300 Burning coal, oil, or natural gas to make energy is an example of what kind of resource?

59. Grab Bag for $300 Burning coal, oil, or natural is an example of using Earth’s nonrenewable resources – remember we want to conserve them. Once they’re gone – it will take hundreds to millions of years to get them back!

60. Grab Bag for $400 Why do earthquakes and volcanoes eruptions most likely occur?

61. Grab Bag for $400 From the plate movements in the crust. This occurs due to the unstable mantle.

62. Grab Bag for $500 Which of the following destructive forces is a SLOW process that could have helped shape the canyon? A An earthquake B Erosion C Deposition D A volcano

63. Grab Bag for $500 Which of the following destructive forces is a SLOW process that could have helped shape the canyon? A An earthquake B Erosion C Deposition D A volcano **Erosion of the river shapes the canyon**