1. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1 PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany

2. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2 Chapter 5 Tissues

3. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 3 Introduction Tissue: groups of cells with similar function Histology: study of tissues Tissue types –Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

4. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 4 4 Epithelial Tissue

5. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 5 Introduction Protects underlying tissues Absorbs nutrients Secretes hormones, mucus, enzymes Excretes waste

6. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 6 Introduction (cont’d.) Basement membrane: anchor Named according to shape, arrangement, function Cells are closely packed

7. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 7 Classification Based on Shape Squamous: flat (protection) Cuboidal: cube shaped (protection and secretion) Columnar: tall and rectangular (secretion and absorption)

8. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 8 Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.) Squamous epithelial cells Photo copyright Fred Hossler/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

9. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 9 Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.) Cuboidal epithelial cells Photo copyright Cabisco/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

10. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 10 Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.) Columnar epithelial cells Photo copyright Richard Kessel/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

11. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 11 Classification Based on Arrangement Simple: one cell layer Stratified: several layers Pseudostratified: appears to be several layers but is not Transitional: several layers of easily stretched cells

12. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 12 Pseudostratified ciliated, columnar epithelium Classification Based on Arrangement (cont’d.) Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

13. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 13 Classification Based on Arrangement (cont’d.) Photo copyright Richard Kessel/Visuals Unlimited, Inc. Transitional epithelium

14. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 14 Classification Based on Function Mucous membrane: mucus production Exocrine glands: simple and compound Endocrine: hormone secretion Endothelium: lines vessels –Endocardium Mesothelium (serous): lines great cavities

15. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 15 © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 15 Connective Tissue

16. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 16 Introduction Cells with large amount of intercellular material Matrix embedded with: –Collagen –Elastin Subgroups: loose, dense, specialized

17. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 17 Loose Connective Tissue Fills space between and penetrates organs Areolar: injury repair, phagocytosis, inflammatory response –Fibroblasts, histiocytes, mast cells Adipose: fat storage Reticular: framework

18. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 18 Loose Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Areolar (loose) connective tissue Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

19. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 19 Dense Connective Tissue Regular arrangement –Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses Irregular arrangement –Muscle sheaths, joint capsules, fascia

20. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 20 Dense Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Tendon (dense) connective tissue Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

21. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 21 Specialized Connective Tissue Cartilage –Cells called chondrocytes Found in lacunae –Types Hyaline: ribs, nose, trachea Fibrocartilage: intervertebral disks Elastic: ears, auditory tubes, epiglottis

22. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 22 Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Bone –Compact –Cancellous –Mineral salts: especially calcium and phosphorus Teeth –Dentin –Enamel

23. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 23 Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Bone (osseus tissue) Photo copyright Fred Hossler/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

24. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 24 Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.) Blood: fluid portion and formed elements Lymphoid: antibody production and disease protection Reticuloendothelial system: phagocytosis –Kupffer cells in liver –Macrophages –Neuroglia Synovial: lines joints

25. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 25 Connective Tissue Functions Support –Bones, cartilage Nourishment –Blood Transportation –Blood Connection –Tendons, ligaments

26. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 26 Connective Tissue Functions (cont’d.) Movement –Bones, tendons Protection and insulation –Bones, blood, fat Storage –Bone, fat Attachment and separation –Attaches skin to muscle

27. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 27 © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 27 Muscle Tissue

28. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 28 Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Smooth –Spindle-shaped, single nucleus –Not striated –Involuntary –Digestive tract, arteries and veins, ureters –Peristalsis

29. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 29 Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Smooth (nonstriated involuntary) muscle Photo copyright R. Calentine/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

30. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 30 Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Striated (skeletal) –Long thin cells –Multinucleated and striated –Actin and myosin –Voluntary –Movement by pulling on bones

31. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 31 Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Skeletal (striated voluntary) muscle Photo copyright R. Calentine/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

32. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 32 Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Cardiac –Only in the heart –Uninucleated and striated –Involuntary –Cylindrical shape Connected to other cardiac muscle cells by intercalated disks

33. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 33 Muscle Tissue (cont’d.) Cardiac muscle Photo copyright John D. Cunningham/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.

34. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 34 © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 34 Nervous Tissue

35. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 35 Nervous Tissue (cont’d.) Neurons –Conducting cells –Very long: called nerve fibers –Parts Cell body: contains nucleus Dendrites: rootlike extensions that receive stimuli Axons: long thin extensions that transmit impulse

36. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 36 Nervous Tissue (cont’d.) Neuroglia: supporting cells Nervous tissue –Makes up brain, spinal cord and nerves –Is most highly organized tissue of the body –Controls and coordinates body activities –Allows perception –Controls emotion and reasoning –Stores memories

37. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 37 Nervous Tissue (cont’d.) Motor neuron Photo copyright Triarch/Visuals Unlimited

38. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 38 Summary Introduced the concept of tissues and how to classify tissues Classified epithelial tissue based on shape and arrangement Described the three major types of connective tissue Described the three types of muscle tissue Discussed nervous tissue and its functions