1. Chapter 11.2 Louisiana Purchase Effects Lewis & Clark Exploration Burr Conspiracy Election of 1804 Embargo Act Start of the War of 1812

2. LP Constitutional ? Does the President have the right to purchase land if it is not expressed in the US Constitution? implied powersloose construction Jefferson used implied powers or loose construction to justify his decision “It was for the best interest of the nation. It is the case of a guardian, investing the money of his ward in purchasing an important adjacent territory; and saying to him when of age, I did this for your good; I pretend to no right to bind you; you may disavow me, and I must get out of the scrape as I can: I thought it my duty to risk myself for you.” Madison to Jefferson “Mr. President, you are only extending this republic over a larger area of land.”

3. LP Constitutional ? Does the President have the right to purchase land if it is not expressed in the US Constitution? Hamilton and Federalists were against this purchase Why? Population shift take Federalist power away in Congress “agrarian society”Feared Jefferson’s vision of an “agrarian society” “valley of democracy”Jefferson referred to this as his “valley of democracy”

4. Effects of the Purchase *Nearly doubled the size of the US (828,000 ACRES) US avoided war with France & entangling alliance with Britain Removes last European power from continent Acquired rest of richest river valley in the world Established Precedent- acquiring foreign territory by purchase Opened door to Oregon territory (window to Pacific; trade with Asia) Oregon Trail Expanded power of the federal government Robert Livingston brought home ideas about steam powered travel (will lead to steamboat)

5. Map 6 of 45 Expansion of the United States

6. Map 7 of 45 Expansion of the United States with Louisiana Purchase 1803

7. Spring, 1804: Jefferson sends personal secretary Meriwether Lewis and army officer William Clark to explore north Louisiana Corp of Discovery: 28 men who accompanied Lewis/Clark. Exploration yielded maps, knowledge of Indians, overland trail to Pacific (Oregon Trail) President Jefferson wanted to find the Northwest Passage United States’ claim to the Pacific Northwest 2 ½ year journey! Spring, 1804: Jefferson sends personal secretary Meriwether Lewis and army officer William Clark to explore north Louisiana Corp of Discovery: 28 men who accompanied Lewis/Clark. Exploration yielded maps, knowledge of Indians, overland trail to Pacific (Oregon Trail) President Jefferson wanted to find the Northwest Passage United States’ claim to the Pacific Northwest 2 ½ year journey!

8. Interpreter and guide for Lewis and Clark Her knowledge of trails and mountain passes helped with the success of the expedition. She was also a “diplomat” for Lewis and Clark. Many tribes had never seen white men before. Her presence with a baby was looked upon as good and Lewis and Clark were considered peaceful. Interpreter and guide for Lewis and Clark Her knowledge of trails and mountain passes helped with the success of the expedition. She was also a “diplomat” for Lewis and Clark. Many tribes had never seen white men before. Her presence with a baby was looked upon as good and Lewis and Clark were considered peaceful.

10. Map LP/3

11. embargo1  Angered by an insulting remark attributed to Hamilton,  Burr challenged the Federalist leader to a duel and fatally shot him  Angered by an insulting remark attributed to Hamilton,  Burr challenged the Federalist leader to a duel and fatally shot him  Hamilton’s death in 1804 deprived the Federalists of their last great leader and earned Burr the enmity of many

12. embargo1  Secretly forming a political pact with some radical New England Federalists.  Burr planned to win the governorship of New York in 1804.  Unite that state with the New England states, and then lead this group of states to secede from the nation  Secretly forming a political pact with some radical New England Federalists.  Burr planned to win the governorship of New York in 1804.  Unite that state with the New England states, and then lead this group of states to secede from the nation  Most Federalists followed Alexander Hamilton in opposing Burr, who was defeated in the New York election  The conspiracy then disintegrated  Most Federalists followed Alexander Hamilton in opposing Burr, who was defeated in the New York election  The conspiracy then disintegrated

13.  In 1806, Burr planned to take Mexico from Spain and possibly unite it with Louisiana under his rule  Jefferson learned of the conspiracy and ordered Burr’s arrest and trial for treason  In 1806, Burr planned to take Mexico from Spain and possibly unite it with Louisiana under his rule  Jefferson learned of the conspiracy and ordered Burr’s arrest and trial for treason  A jury acquitted Burr, basing its decision on Marshall’s narrow definition of treason and the lack of witnesses to any “overt act” by Burr

14. Election 1804 Thomas Jefferson reelected (George Clinton is new VP) Burr dropped from ticket. Jefferson defeated Charles Pinckney (Federalist) 162-14

15. Britain vs. France Lasted 11 years America is the #1 neutral carrier since 1793 Battle of Trafalgar (1805)- Britain beat Spanish & French fleets= Britain is top sea power. Battle of Austerlitz- Napoleon gained supremacy of the land (Europe)

16. Napoleonic Decrees: Berlin Decree (1806), Milan Decree (1807): Berlin Decree- closed all European ports to ships that had docked at British ports. Milan Decree- allowed for seizure of all ships & cargo from ships which were bound for British ports. Milan Decree- allowed for seizure of all ships & cargo from ships which were bound for British ports. Orders-in-council British laws which led to the War of 1812. Orders-in- council passed in 1807 permitted the impressment of sailors and forbade neutral ships from visiting ports from which Britain was excluded unless they first went to Britain and traded for British goods. Orders-in-council British laws which led to the War of 1812. Orders-in- council passed in 1807 permitted the impressment of sailors and forbade neutral ships from visiting ports from which Britain was excluded unless they first went to Britain and traded for British goods.

17.  1806: England closed ports under French control to foreign shipping (incl. US), seized US ships & impressed Americans.  Napoleon ordered seizure of all merchant ships that entered British ports. Impressments An act of kidnapping a ship, its contents, men and forcing them into your navy

18. 1807, Chesapeake was a US merchant ship 10 miles off the coast of Virginia. A British ship in the region ordered it to stop. British fired 3 shots at the Chesapeake before it surrendered 3 Americans were killed, 18 wounded and 4 sailors impressed 1807, Chesapeake was a US merchant ship 10 miles off the coast of Virginia. A British ship in the region ordered it to stop. British fired 3 shots at the Chesapeake before it surrendered 3 Americans were killed, 18 wounded and 4 sailors impressed Chesapeake affair

19. Most Americans were angered over this incident and public opinion was to go to war with the British. Chesapeake article Regarding the Chesapeake Affair, the Washington Federalist reported, “We have never, on any occasion, witnessed the spirit of the people excited to so great a degree of indignation, or such a thirst for revenge, as on hearing of the late unexampled outrage on the Chesapeake. All parties, ranks and professions were unanimous in their detestation of the dastardly deed, and all cried aloud for vengeance.”

20. *The Embargo Act (1807-1809) “Peaceful coercion” Forbade export of all goods from US OR ON Foreign ships Hurt the US economy more than it hurt Europe Smuggling through Canada increased ***forced the US to create Industry= Beginning of 1 st Industrial Revolution ** temporarily revived the Federalist Party Act was repealed in 1809 WHY? 1.Overestimated dependence on US goods (S. America) 2.Underestimated Europe’s resolve 3.Embargo unpopular at home

21. embargo1

22. American people were hostile towards Jefferson Referred to the Embargo as “Dambargo, Mobrage, Go Bar Em”…. Would be replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act by President Madison which allowed U.S. exports and trade but not with France and Great Britain…… embargo2 “Our ships all in motion, Once whiten’d the ocean; They sail’d and return’d with a Cargo; Now doom’d to decay They are fallen a prey, To Jefferson, worms and EMBARGO.” A Federalist circular in Massachusetts against the embargo cried out, “Let every man who holds the name of America dear to him, stretch forth his hands and put this accursed thing, this Embargo from him. Be resolute, act like sons of liberty, of God, and your country; nerve your arms with vengeance against the Despot (Jefferson) who would wrest the inestimable germ of your Independence from you---and you shall be Conquerors!!!”

23. The Election of 1808 Jefferson left presidency or “splendid misery” after 2 Terms Virginian James Madison was favored by Jefferson as next president Madison defeats Charles Pinckney (Federalist) easily VP –George Clinton still War in Europe was nearing a climax

24. *Macon’s Bill No. 2 & Madison’s Gamble Non-Intercourse Act- due to expire in 1810 Congress tore embargo down with Macon’s Bill No. 2 1.Reopened US trade with all the world 2.If either Britain or France would repeal its restrictions on US shipping, US would embargo the other nation. Madison did not like the bill! 1810 France (Napoleon) announced it MIGHT repeal its restrictions on US IF Britain lifted its Orders of Council. Madison accepted the French offer- gave British 3 months to lift Orders of Council Britain controlled sea & refused to lift restrictions Madison's gamble failed

25. The War Hawks The “War Hawks”- new young members elected to the 12 th Congress from the South & West; advocated war with Britain. Henry Clay, Felix Grundy, John C. Calhoun Western war hawks- want to wipe out Indian threat to white settlers in trans-Alleghany. Convinced the British in Canada are inciting INDIANS Westerners – “On to Canada…”; Southerners eyed Florida.

26. Tecumseh & the Prophet Put together a confederacy of east Mississippi Indians to stop flow of white settlers Encouraged followers to stop using textile clothing (manufactured), stop use of alcohol, no ceding of land to whites unless all Indians agreed. 1811- William Henry Harrison (territorial governor of Indiana) led army against the Prophet & Shawnees. *Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)- William Henry Harrison defeated the Prophet & drove Tecumseh to Canada. Tecumseh died in 1813 at Battle of Thames. ** NO INDIAN CONFEDERACY

27. *Mr. Madison’s War Spring 1812- believed war with Britain inevitable Madison believed war would restore OUR confidence in republican experiment. Vigorous assertion of US rights= viable nationhood & democracy America at War & Divided June 1, 1812- Madison asked Congress for declaration of war. US Congress -79-49 & Senate 19-13= divided Southerners & Westerners & Republicans from middle states supported the war Federalists North & South hated the war= “Mr. Madison’s War” Federalist strongholds sent supplies & traded with Britain