1. The American Nation Chapter 10 The Age of Jefferson 1801–1816 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

2. The American Nation Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Section 1: A Republican Takes Office Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase Section 3: New Threats from Overseas Section 4: The Road to War Chapter 10: The Age of Jefferson 1801–1816 Section 5: The War of 1812

3. Chapter 10, Section 4 The Road to War Why did conflicts between white settlers and Native Americans increase during the early 1800s? What was the goal of Tecumseh’s Native American confederation? Why did the War Hawks push for war against Britain?

4. Chapter 10, Section 4 Early Conflicts Between Settlers and Native Americans Between 1790 and 1810, 900,000 settlers moved west of the Appalachians. They built farms on Indian lands and hunted animals the Indians needed for food. Settlers ignored treaties that the United States government had signed with Indian nations. Fighting often broke out between Native Americans and settlers. In 1791 Indians drove settlers out of Ohio. American forces under General Anthony Wayne defeated the Miamis and other Indian nations at Fallen Timbers, in present-day Ohio. In 1795, the Miamis and other Indian nations signed the Treaty of Greenville, in which they gave up land that would later become part of Ohio. In return, they received $20,000 and the promise of more money if they kept the peace.

5. Chapter 10, Section 4 Tecumseh’s Confederation What Tecumseh Believed: The Native Americans could keep settlers from taking more Indian land. By returning to the old ways, Indians could gain the power to resist white invaders. What “the Prophet” Did: Tecumseh’s brother, “the Prophet”, built a village for his followers along Tippecanoe Creek in Indiana Territory. What Tecumseh Did: Worked to organize Indian nations between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains into a confederation, or league. Called for unity against the settlers. What the United States Did: Troops under Governor William Henry Harrison marched against Prophetstown. The Prophet led a surprise attack on Harrison’s troops. In the Battle of Tippecanoe, both sides suffered heavy losses. Harrison’s troops defeated the Prophet’s forces.

6. Chapter 10, Section 4 Why the War Hawks Pushed for War with Britain The British were supplying guns and ammunition to Native Americans on the frontier. They encouraged Indians to attack settlements. President Madison said that if either the British or French would stop seizing American ships, the United States would stop trading the other nation. France agreed to stop, so the United States traded with France but not with Britain. Now they wanted their revenge against Britain! The War Hawks were members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war. They were stirred by nationalism, or devotion to one’s country. They said Britain was treating the United States as if it were a British colony. One War Hawk, Henry Clay, hoped that in a war the United States could conquer Canada. Other War Hawks said that in a war with Britain, the United States could seize Florida from Britain’s ally, Spain. To cut off American trade with France, British warships blockaded American ports. Finally in June 1812, Congress declared war on Britain.

7. Chapter 10, Section 4 Section 4 Assessment Tecumseh and his brother, “the Prophet”, tried to organize a confederation of Indian nations in order to a) keep settlers from taking any more Indian land. b) drive the British out of Ohio for good. c) oppose Native American rivals west of the Mississippi. d) build more settlements like Prophetstown. One reason the United States declared war on Britain in 1812 was that a) Americans hoped a war would bring them more trade with Canada. b) Spain threatened to sell Florida to Britain. c) Britain kept trading with France. d) Britain continued to seize American ships. Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.Click here.

8. Chapter 10, Section 4 Section 4 Assessment Tecumseh and his brother, “the Prophet”, tried to organize a confederation of Indian nations in order to a) keep settlers from taking any more Indian land. b) drive the British out of Ohio for good. c) oppose Native American rivals west of the Mississippi. d) build more settlements like Prophetstown. One reason the United States declared war on Britain in 1812 was that a) Americans hoped a war would bring them more trade with Canada. b) Spain threatened to sell Florida to Britain. c) Britain kept trading with France. d) Britain continued to seize American ships. Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.Click here.

9. Chapter 10, Section 4 Conflicts Between Settlers and Native Americans Using the map on page 317 of your textbook, complete the following on your map handout: 1. Using different colors, shade the land lost by Native Americans during each of these three periods of time: a. before 1750 b. between 1750 and 1784 c. between 1784 and 1810 2. Create a key in the blank box. 3. Locate and label the Mississippi River, the Ohio River, and the Red River. 4. Locate and label on your map where these Native American peoples lived: a. Shawneed. Miami g. Chickasaw b. Seminolee. Iroquois h. Natchez c. Mohegan f. Cherokee i. Creek

10. Chapter 10, Section 5 The War of 1812 How was the United States unprepared early in the war? What successes did Americans have in the West? How did the final battles of the war progress? Why did New Englanders protest against the war?

11. Chapter 10, Section 5 The United States Was Not Prepared for War When Thomas Jefferson took office as the third President, he reduced the size of the army and navy. In 1812, the British had a huge fleet of warships. Unfortunately, because of President Jefferson’s actions, the United States Navy had only 16 warships. The United States Army was small and ill equipped. Many officers knew little about warfare. The government relied on volunteers, who were poorly trained and had little experience in battle. Many of them deserted.

12. Chapter 10, Section 5 The War of 1812 in the West The Invasion of Canada General William Hull led American troops into Canada. The Canadians made it look like their forces were large and included experienced British troops. The Americans retreated. Battle of Lake Erie Captain Oliver Hazard Perry designed and built his own ships. Perry’s fleet met a British fleet on Lake Erie. The Americans won the battle. Battle of the Thames General William Henry Harrison’s troops pursued a British force and their ally Tecumseh toward Canada. The Americans won a victory at the Battle of the Thames. Tecumseh died in the battle. Battle of Horseshoe Bend Andrew Jackson and American troops defeated the Creeks. The Americans won the battle.

13. Chapter 10, Section 5 The Final Battles of the War of 1812 Bladensburg, Maryland British troops marching toward Washington, D.C., met American troops about 30 miles from Washington. The British scattered the Americans. Washington, D.C. The British set fire to the White House, then set off for Baltimore. (First Lady Dolley Madison saved the portrait of George Washington and the Declaration of Independence from the fire!!) Baltimore, Maryland The British bombarded the harbor but were unable to take Fort McHenry. They withdrew. Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner” about this battle. Battle of New Orleans January 8, 1815 The British attacked the city. Andrew Jackson led a strong force of frontiersmen and Choctaw Indians. Citizens of New Orleans, including African Americans, joined his forces. It was the bloodiest battle of the War of 1812. More than 2,000 British soldiers died; only 7 Americans died. Overnight, Andrew Jackson became a national hero.

14. Chapter 10, Section 5 The Final Battles of the War of 1812

15. Chapter 10, Section 5 New Englanders Protest the War The British blockades hurt New England states’ sea trade. New Englanders feared that the United States might win land in Florida and Canada, which would become new states. That would make the South and the West more influential than New England. Delegates from New England states met at the Hartford Convention, in Hartford, Connecticut. They threatened to leave the Union if the war continued. While the Hartford Convention was still meeting, news of a peace treaty arrived. The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812. It was named after the city in Belgium where it was signed, on December 24, 1814. In the treaty, Britain and the United States agreed to go back to the way things were before the war.

16. INTERESTING FACT In the early 1800s, news took 2 weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Because of this, the Battle of New Orleans actually took place two weeks after the war ended!! Chapter 10, Section 5

17. Section 5 Assessment When the British reached Washington, D.C. in 1814, they a) met in person with James Madison. b) set fire to the White House and other buildings. c) skirmished with American troops and then retreated. d) found documents that helped them win the war. The treaty that ended the War of 1812: a) gave Britain use of the Port of New Orleans. b) said Britain had to stop forcing American sailors into service. c) returned conditions between Britain and the United States to the way they had been before the war. d) made Britain recognize American neutrality. Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.Click here.

18. Chapter 10, Section 5 Section 5 Assessment When the British reached Washington, D.C. in 1814, they a) met in person with James Madison. b) set fire to the White House and other buildings. c) skirmished with American troops and then retreated. d) found documents that helped them win the war. The treaty that ended the War of 1812 a) gave Britain use of the Port of New Orleans. b) said Britain had to stop forcing American sailors into service. c) returned conditions between Britain and the United States to the way they had been before the war. d) made Britain recognize American neutrality. Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.Click here.