2. Bellwork Define the first five terms on page 74.

3. European Policy of Land Ownership “Rights of discovery” meant “Finders Keepers”- the first nation to discover a region became legal owner What about the inhabitants of the land? –Considered chattel Why did they want the land? –Pawn of peace, spoil of war, bargaining tool

4. Louisiana Purchase LaSalle (1682)- had claimed Louisiana for France by claiming Miss. River & the land into which all its tributaries extended In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte (leader of France) promises Spain he won’t sell Louisiana 1803- France sells Louisiana to US for $15 million –Napoleon sells it sacrificing imperialism for war –almost doubled the size of US at the time –“best real estate deal in history”- less than 3 cents/acre

6. Lewis & Clark First expedition commissioned by Pres. Jefferson –Jefferson wanted to establish boundaries ASAP –Concerned about Spanish on west coast Lewis & Clark commissioned to: –explore the Missouri River westward to source –find a passage across mountains in west –DID NOT COME INTO OKLAHOMA

8. Lewis & Clark 1804 Explore Missouri River westward Passage over Rockies Explored to Pacific along NW U.S. Did not come into Oklahoma 1 st expedition commissioned by Pres. Jefferson Corps of Discovery Wilkinson 1805-1807 *1806 Follow Arkansas R. to its source 1 st detailed records of OK Christmas near Claremore Pike 1805-1807 *1806 Explore upper Mississippi R. Pike’s Peak Spanish take records Suffered b/c of weather Held by Spanish until 1807 Sparks 1806 Explore SW part of LA Purchase Went up Mississippi R. to mouth of Red R. Turned back by Spanish Sibley1811Find “Salt Mountain”1 st official rec of Great Salt Plains Geologist tell us was Great Salt Sea

9. 1 st Long1817Establish a fort in the “Far West” Established Ft. Smith 2 nd Long1820Followed Red RiverFollowed Canadian River Supply issues, men take records Between the 5 expeditions, he traveled 26,000 2 of which were to Ft Smith Bell1820Follow Arkansas RiverReached Ft. SmithThomas Say, zoology part of trip Glenn1821Trading ExpeditionCrossed Osage Hills (NE OK) & followed Arkansas River westward Lots of furs Becknell1821Trading ExpeditionCrossed Panhandle Cimarron County

10. Wilkinson & Pike Also commissioned by Jefferson- 1st official expedition into OK Mission was to follow Arkansas River to its source Accompanied by Osage & Pawnee Indians Wilkinson (1806) –1st detailed records of OK; spend Xmas near Claremore Pike –Discovered Pike’s Peak –Escorted out of Spanish territory; Spanish kept records

11. Sparks Expedition Started in New Orleans went up Miss. River to mouth of Red River Red River blocked (Great Raft)…land route Turned back by Spanish soldiers, but he did reach the edge of Oklahoma

12. Sibley & The Great Salt Plains 1811- Sibley searching for the “salt mountain” Made the 1st official record of the site- geologists say it had once been a great salt sea

13. First Long Expedition Stephen LONG Purpose- to establish a fort in the far west 1817- founded Fort Smith 1st occupied by Rifle Regiment

15. Second Long Expedition (1820) Long & Bell split up Long- supposed to follow Red River –supply shortage, men abandon expedition & take records w/ them –Following wrong river! When discovered that they were following Canadian River & not Red River, they give up Bell- supposed to follow Arkansas River –Mission failed Failure not important…RECORDS left important!

16. Three Forks Area (1817) Three Forks Trading Post established on Verdigris River just north of present-day Muskogee Location was EXTREMELY IMPORTANT –This trading post was located where three major rivers joined- the Arkansas, Verdigris, & Grand Trappers & hunters used the trading post to stock up on supplies & sell furs. Osage brought their items (furs, fowl, wild honey, bear oil, buffalo robes) to trade as well. Items such as salt, lead, pecans, and grain were shipped out of this area when fur trade slowed down by the 1830s.

17. Trading Expeditions 1821- Glenn, a trader (private expedition) –crossed Osage Hills & followed Arkansas R westward –Met Cheyenne, Kiowa, & Arapaho Tribes & established friendly trading relations 1821- Becknell –crossed Panhandle –left little knowledge, but opened up trade into area

18. Santa Fe Trail

19. Explorers in Oklahoma

20. Chouteau’s trading post was the hub of commerce in the early 1800s.

21. Explorers served several purposes 1st to meet & establish relations w/ natives observed & recorded resources and locations opened trade w/ western & southwestern tribes observed lifestyles of the people they met recorded weather & change of seasons Due to their efforts- by 1830 many people moving westward

22. Changing Boundaries Louisiana- largest single territory owned by US “Oklahoma” becomes part of Territory of Missouri (1812) “Oklahoma” becomes part of Territory of Arkansas (1819) 1819- boundaries of LA Purchase established by Adams-Onis Treaty

23. Adams-Onís Treaty A*K*A Transcontinental Treaty (1819) John Quincy Adams (Sec. Of State) Luís de Onís (Rep. of Spain) Solved 2 problems: –Settlers wanted to purchase Florida from Spain b/c of problems with Seminole –Spain wanted to establish the boundary b/t Mexico & LA Purchase before too many settlers moved in

24. Terms of Adams-Onís Treaty Boundary set at the western bank of the Sabine, Red, and Arkansas Rivers to the Continental Divide Spain gave up all claims to Oregon & Florida (Florida purchased for $5 million) Boundary b/t LA Purchase lands & Texas territory was extremely favorable to US