1. Johannes Whittam (University of Cambridge)

2. Transitional TentsContents Introduction & Background Calculations and Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions 2 Areas for Further Work Questions

3. Transitional Tents Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions Previous Work 2000 –Assessing the Thermal Performance of an Emergency Shelter (C A Crawford) 2001 – Thermal Performance of a liner for a UNHCR tent (R Battilana) 2003 –Investigation into Heat Loss in Cold Climate Emergency Shelters: Development of an Occupancy Model and Infiltration Testing (C Grisaffi) 2003 – Ground effects on Thermal Performance of a Transitional Tent(R Youlten) 2004 –Specificaitons and Design of a Transitional Tent(A Pepper) 2005 –Design and Analysis of an Unbraced Portal Frame Transitional Tent (H Travers) 2007 – Field Investigation, Design and Analysis of a Braced Portal Frame Transitional Tent (M Moynihan) 2008 – Cold Climate Temporary Shelter (M Segar)

4. Transitional TentsProcurement Specification  A procurement specification for a Transitional Tent was produced by Shelter Centre for DFID by the end of 2011. Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

5. Transitional TentsModeling Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

6. Transitional TentsModeling Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

7. Transitional TentsModeling The addition of lightweight sheeting reduces the forces applied to the frame as it eliminates this effect. Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

8. Transitional TentsTesting Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

9. Transitional TentsTesting Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

10. Transitional TentsTesting Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

11. Transitional TentsTesting Strain Gauges Inclinometer Battery Packs Inclinometers Inclinometer Bracket Inclinometer Transmission Units Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

12. Transitional TentsTesting Inflated Bag Data Logger and Laptop (Inclinometer Output) Strain Gauges & Inclinometers (inside) Tube for pressure reading Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

13. Transitional TentsResults Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

14. Transitional TentsResults Eave should buckle at 25ms -1 Force 9 on the Beaufort Scale This is not the most critical failure mode – uplift is Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

15. Transitional TentsFailure Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

16. Transitional TentsFailure Failure 1 Failure 2 Wind Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

17. Transitional TentsFailure 1 Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

18. Transitional TentsFailure 2 Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

19. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops

20. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements Porch and cavity significantly increase uplift forces Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

21. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

22. (Please Find the video attached on the shelter Centre website where this presentation was found) Recommendations/Improvements – Floor Beams Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

23. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements – Floor Beams Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

24. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

25. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements Existing: Recommended: Or, even better: Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

26. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

27. Transitional Tents Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions Recommendations/Improvements - Bracing

28. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

29. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements – Hole Alignment Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

30. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

31. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements – Joining Method Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

32. Transitional TentsRecommendations/Improvements ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

33. Transitional Tents Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions Recommendations/Improvements – Peg Loops

34. Transitional TentsFurther Work  Future students from Cambridge University Engineering Department will continue the project.  Foundation Design  Further Testing Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions

35. Transitional TentsQuestions Conclusions: ①Porch ②Floor Beams ③Bracing -Coming Undone -Both Bays ④Hole Alignment ⑤Joining Method ⑥Peg Loops Introduction Calculations & Modeling Testing & Results Failure 6 Conclusions Further Work Questions Tent Rating: 25ms-1 provided properly secured Further Work: -Foundation Design -Thorough Testing Questions?